1
Q
What is Epidemiology
A
EPI = on top of, or upon
DEMOS = people
LOGOS = the study of
2
Q
Epidemiologists
A
- concerned about the collective health of the people in a community or population
- Focus on identifying the source that caused the illness
- the number of other persons who may have been similarly exposed
- the potential for further spread in the community
- interventions to prevent additional cases or recurrences
3
Q
Epidemiology can be
A
Descriptive or Analytical
4
Q
Descriptive
A
- person: who is affected?
- place: are there areas that are more impacted?
- time: what is the timeframe of interest
5
Q
Analytical
A
- what are the causes or risk factors for the disease or condition
6
Q
Role of registered nurses
A
- NURSE EPIDEMIOLOGIST
- COMMUNICABLE DISEASE SPECIALIST
- OUTREACH
- HEALTH EDUCATION
- IMMUNIZATION
- INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- INTERSECTION WITH ACUTE CARE
- EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
7
Q
Future public health epidemiology
A
- Digital disease surveillance
- Geographic information systems (GIS)
- Advances in genetics/molecular biology
- Emerging and re-emerging diseases
- Reframing issues as public health problems
8
Q
Communicable disease
A
- an infectious disease transmissible (as from person to person) by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges or by indirect means (as a vector)
9
Q
Public Health Role in Communicable Disease
A
- TB screening and treatment
- Screening and follow-up for communicable disease contacts as irected by the CD unit (contat tracing)
- provide routine immunization programs for all ages
- provide immunizations for special populations (eg immunocompromised)
- report resp and gastro illness outbreaks in local schools
10
Q
Two ways of achieving active immunity
A
- Through natural infection (eg Acquiring the disease)
- Artificially (eg through vaccination)
11
Q
two components of active immunity
A
humoral and cellular immunity
12
Q
Humor immunity
A
- mediated by B lymphocytes (B cells)
- B cels react against foreign substances in the body by producing and secreting antibodies (AB)
- Antibodies in the blood and lymph fluids attach to foregin antigens to mark them for destruction and to block them from entering cells
13
Q
Cellular immunity
A
- mediated by T lymphocytes (T cells)
- purpose to facilitate the elimination of foreign substances
- several types of T cells - Helper cells, cytotoxic cells, suppressor cells
14
Q
Live vaccines
A
- EMPLOY HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY SIMILAR
TO THE NATURAL INFECTION - USUALLY PROVIDE LIFE-LONG IMMUNITY WITH TWO
DOSES - EG. MMR, CHICKENPOX
15
Q
Inactivated vaccines
A
- MOSTLY HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
- ANTIBODY LEVELS FALL OVER TIME
- REQUIRE REPEAT DOSES (BOOSTERS)
- EG. TETANUS
16
Q
Immunization Programs
A
- under ministry of health public health act, health authorities are required to provide immunization programs to reduce or eliminate vaccine preventable diseases in BC
- Recommended programs are based on an extensive consultative process led by the BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC)
17
Q
Public health role in immunization
A
- complete and maintain immunization competency training through BCCDC (every 3 years)
- follow BCCDC immunization manual
- provide education about vaccines
- Screen eligibility of clients
- obtain informed consent
- monitor clients for adverse events post-immunization
- report adverse events for review by Medical Health Officer and follow-up with client to provide recommendations
18
Q
7 Steps in informed consent
A
- Determine authority
- Assess capability
- Provide standard information
- confirm understanding of standard information
- provide opportunity for questions
- confirm consent
- document consent or refusal
NRSG 228
flashcards
Decks in class (10)
# Cards
