Metalinguistic Skills
The ability to talk about language, analyze it, think about it, judge it.
Speech
- Verbal means of communicating
- Involves precision in planning and executing specific motor sequences
Three properties of language
- Social tools
- Rule-governed system with underlying rules or patterns that occur repeatedly
- it is generative
Linguistic Competence
- A language user’s underlying knowledge about the systems of rules
- Cannot be measured directly
- We can only directly measure linguistic performance
Linguistic Performance
- Linguistic Knowledge in actual use
- What we observe
Language is…
Generative
Synonyms
Words with almost identical features
Different words that carry similar meanings
Antonyms
are opposites
Discourse
Language activity such as having a conversation or telling a narrative
Two types of speech arts
- Indirect
- Direct
Indirect Speech Art
Several possible interpretations
Direct Speech Art
Only has one interpretation
4 Important aspects in pragmatics
- Turn-taking
- Establishing and maintaining a topic
- Making relevant contributions
- Repair: correcting conversational errors
Cooperation Principles - 4 aspects
- Quantity is important (not too much info, not too little)
- Truthful and based on sufficient evidence
- Relevant
- Direct (avoid vaugeness)
Dialects
- A dialect is a language-rule system used by an identifiable group of people that varies in some way from an ideal language standard
- mutually intelligent
Dialect is influenced by 5 factors…
- Geographical
- Socioeconomic
- Racial or ethnic differences
- Style Shifting (situational variable)
- Peer Groups (situational variable)
Style Shifting
Switching between formal and informal registers based on the situation
Evidence-based practice is…
3 equal parts
- Professional expertise/expert opinion
- Scientific Evidence
- Client/student/family perspective
Equity means…
- Everyone has what they need
- People with different or unequal needs require differential treatment to achieve identical results
Equality means…
- Treating everyone the same
- Making sure everyone has the same opportunities, resources and rights
Behaviorist Theory
- B.F Skinner
- Explains acquisition of verbal behavior
- breaks behavior down into; echoics, mands and tacts
Echoics
Imitate verbal responses whose stimuli are the speech of another person
Mands
Requests
Tact
Group of verbal responses that describe, comment on things around us
