What are the two types s of water use in Malaysia?
Consumptive and non consumptive
What are some examples of consumptive use?
Water supply, sewage services, agriculture, irrigation, livestock, ecosystem
What are some non consumptive uses?
Hydropower, aquaculture, fisheries, recreational such as tourism
What are some ways to reduce water usage in daily activities?
Using efficient water consuming equipment and stopping running taps
What is non revenue water?
Water that is resulted from pipe leakage or water theft.
What are the causes of monsoon floods?
Increased rainfall, extensive land clearing in highlands, encroachment into flood corridors
What are anthropogenic causes of flooding?
Urbanization
How does urbanization lead to flooding?
- Land use change causes increase in surface run off and rivers can not handle large volumes of water
- The rivers drainage capacities are reduced due to sedimentation from logging, construction and agriculture
- Buildings and other structures are erected on river banks restricting their ability to maneuver
What is water security?
The capacity of a population to safeguard access to adequate quantities of water of acceptable quality for sustaining livelihoods, human well being and socio economic development for ensuring water Bourne pollution and water related disasters and preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability
How can water demand be met?
- Adopt water demand management strategies in policy decisions.
- Upgrade water supply and sewage systems
- Reduce non-revenue water
- Reduce wasteful consumption
- Promote the 3 rs
- Water conservation initiatives
- Utilize technology to achieve more efficient use
What are the principles of watershed management?
Managing the entire basin as a single entity, taking into account the entire ecosystem within the watershed to develop and implement strategies that protect and enhance water quality
What can be done to protect watersheds?
- Preserve natural areas
- Manage land use
- Reduce pollution
Why is it important to preserve natural areas for watershed protection?
Natural ecosystems provide ecosystem services such as water filtration and flood and erosion mitigation
Why is managing land use important for watershed management?
land use change such as agriculture, urbanization and mining effects erosion control, nutrient management and stormwater management
What is urban water management?
Use of green infrastructure, water recycling and reuse and promoting water efficient practices
What are the functions of a dam?
Hydropower, water supply, flood control, aqua culture, tourism
What are the cons of a dam?
Loss of biodiversity, methane emission, sediment trapping, water pollution, fish spawning and migration, Infectious disease.
Why is accumulation of sediment bad for dams?
Reduces reservoir water storage capacity, limits flood control capacity
Why is reduction in flow velocity in slackwater behind dams bad?
Leads to reduced flushing of pollutants that enter the river
How do dams affect fish species and migration?
Increase water turbidity and sedimentation.
Temperature of water is colder impacting species that rely on temperature cues to trigger lifecycle events
Low oxygen levels in water
