What is the behavioural approach to panic ?
- conditioned response to panic symptoms
- avoidance tendency
What is the biological approach to panic ?
Mitrovalve (?) prolapse
* a condition that makes you more likely to experience those heart symptoms
What is the emotional/cognitive approach to panic ?
Anxiety sensitivity
* when you experience something benign you are sensitive to it, tune into it, and launches a panic attack
What is the social approach of panic ?
Attention during panic episodes
- attentions made things worse, even if it was meant to help
What are the genetic limitations of biological explanations
- Polygenetic
- Influenced by other factors including learning, epigenetics
- No one gene or set of genes have been identified that cause a major disorder
What is the gene-environment correlation model ?
Genetic vulnerability makes it more likely that you will experience the type of stressor that activates the genetic vulnerability for that disorder
What is in the cerebal cortex ?
- Forebrain - newer part of the brain
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain - old, primitive part of the brain (breathing, sleeping, etc) (pons, medulla, oblongata, spinal cord)
What is each lobe incharge of ?
- Frontal: thinking and reasoning, memory, psychopathology
- Parietal: recognizing sensations of touch
- Temporal: recognizing sights and sounds, LTM
- Occipital: integrating and making sense of visual information
What is the limbic system incharge of and what structures involved ?
- Regulating emotional experiences and controlling impulses
- Structures - hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, septum, amygdala
What is involved in the endocrine system ?
- Regulation by the ANS - you need to mobilize - adrenaline
- Hormones are the chemical messengers (sex hormones, growth hormone, adrenaline, cortisol)
- HPA axis: multiple structures
- Controlling the release and stoppage of stress hormones
What are the steps of communication ?
- Make the neurotransmitter (NT) and package
- Transport it down the axon
- Release it
- NT interacts with other cell
- Seperate from receptor
- Recycle the leftovers
What are neurotransmitters ?
- Glutamate: A chemical brother that is excitatory
- GABA: A chemical brother - inhibitory (decreases arousal)
- Serotonin: Monoamine associated with moods and information processing
- Norepinephrine: Monoamine that’s part of the endocrine./hormone system
- Dopamine: Monoamine associated with movement and reward
What are the biological causes of psychopathology ?
- we can have damage to an area (or differences in the connectivity b/w areas), abnormal neurotransmitter activity, etc
What is emotional contributional to psychopathology ?
- The purpose of emotion may be “to motivate us to carry out a behaviour”
- Mood is more persistent emotionality
- Affect is the display of emotion
- Emotional reactions depend largely on context
- Emotions have an effect, but moods are central in psychological disorders
