week 2

Question 1

what does policy refer too

Answer 1

• plans and procedures developed and implemented by governments, agencies, organizations, and assoications to achieve desired goals

Question 2

public policy

Answer 2

refers to course of action or inaction chosen by public authoritires to address a given problem anchored in beliefs about the best way to ahcieve those goals
- more broad than health policy

Question 3

how do individual or group taking action on public issue do it

Answer 3

advocacy, policitcal ideology, or politics

Question 4

who is invloved in the public policy

Answer 4

takeholders, political represntatives, government

Question 5

public policy defition

Answer 5

an issue is not a private but needs to be addresses by the larger society in the public domain

Question 6

health policy

Answer 6

• politics
• power
• process
  debated the process of health policy: highly on politics

Question 7

politics is _____

Answer 7

multidimensional

Question 8

politics as government

Answer 8

associated with the art of government and the activities of the state

Question 9

politics as public life

Answer 9

concerned with the conduct and manangement of community affairs

Question 10

poltiics as conflict resolution

Answer 10

concerned with the expression and resolution of conflicts through compromise, conciliation, negotiation, and other strategies

Question 11

politics as power

Answer 11

the process through which desired outcome are achieved in the production, distribution, and use of scarce resources in all areas of social existence

Question 12

politics

Answer 12

political parties & civial society organizations- movements and coalitiaons that moblize to address a particular issue and to seek specific changes iin public policy

Question 13

canada is a ____

Answer 13

mutli-party system
- liberals
- conservation
- green party
- quecbuis
- NDP

Question 14

political ideology

Answer 14

a system of ideas
- about the key issue and what should be done about them
- influence policity and ways they adminstrate their plans

Question 15

healthy policy scope

Answer 15

• health care & other health related public policies
• the state, rep by the government determines the organization of health care and resource allocations for the delivery of health care services to the populations
• health care financing and delivery

Question 16

example of public policy

Answer 16

• education is able to everyone, everyone deserves access to education
• minimun wage
• taxes
• immgration policy

Question 17

exampel of health policy

Answer 17

• universal health care in canada
• vaccinated in schools/ needed vaccines

Question 18

who is the gatekeeper to many aspects of the health care system in canada

Answer 18

• government
• medical professionals

Question 19

what kind of health care system is canada

Answer 19

public health care

Question 20

Canadas concern with health status indicators =

Answer 20

effect of health caer access and delivery

Question 21

how many phases aare in health policy canada

Answer 21

2

Question 22

the first phase

Answer 22

would be to remove the financial barrier between those giving the service and those receiving it

Question 23

the second phase

Answer 23

would be to reorganize and revamp the delivery system- and its a big item that has not been done- tommy douglas

Question 24

basics principle of canadian health care system

Answer 24

• the need VS the ability to pay

Question 25

do you think we should limit out understanding of health policy to health care services

Answer 25

no, its much broader. there are also social determinants of health that need to be understood and helped

Question 26

what are the roles of federal and provincial govern in health care

Answer 26

in canada- share responsbility - delivery and supportive of the health care services

Question 27

canadian ferderalism

Answer 27

legislative authority between national government and provincial and territoral gov

Question 28

the federal gov

Answer 28

- pay some of the costs of provincial and territoral health care programs - sets some of the rules for health service provision by the provinces and territoires - provides health care services to some gorups, such as indigenous canadians on reserves and members of the military

Question 29

health care reform and contemporary debates in canada

Answer 29

- role of private sector and delivering health care services - waittime and health care guarantees

Question 30

values

Answer 30

beliefs that influence political ideology

Question 31

what are the 2 broad theories of public policy

Answer 31

consensus conflict

Question 32

consensus

Answer 32

- assumptions from natural and physical sciences - rational consideration of alternative - cost/benefit analysis - focus on technical issues - little focus on economic, political, or social forces

Question 33

conflict

Answer 33

- recognition of the role of ideologies and values - groups have differential access to power - economic, political, social force affect policy - focus on inequalities - consider broader macro issues in the organization and development of health care policy

Question 34

market model

Answer 34

- motivating people - self interest is what brings about change

Question 35

neoliberalism and health policy

Answer 35

influenced it are more broadly conceived - led to significant reduction in government support of important social determinants of health such as housing, income, food and security among others

Question 36

polis model focus

Answer 36

community well being, rather than individual - political activities are organized around providing for the common good

Question 37

ways of thinknig about health

Answer 37

- medical - behavioural/lifestyle - socio-environmental - structural/critical

Question 37

the market model focus

Answer 37

individuals engage in various activities, usually ecnonic to enhance their welfare - exchanging goods and services with the secpectation that such trades will be beneficial to both sides

Question 38

health as medicaly determinded

Answer 38

- most dominant in canada and elsewehre - physiolgical risk factors and diseases - rooted in health individualism - medical intervention - health policy: medical care devlivery

Question 39

health as behavioural/lifestyle determined

Answer 39

- focus on behavioural risk factors, diet and smoking - aims to change behaviour - interventions: health promotion and social marketing - individualism

Question 40

health as socio-environmentally determined

Answer 40

- materialism - focus on community and social factors like poverty or living and working conditions - some individualism depsite directing the attention to larger environment - no direct focus on the effect of larger economic, political and soical forces that shape the local envronments

Question 41

intervention of socio-environment

Answer 41

community development, political action and advocacy

Question 42

key agents of change- health as socio-environment

Answer 42

citizens, welfare organizations, political movements (social justice movements, political parties)

Question 43

health as structually determined

Answer 43

- neo-materialism - reject individualism - focused on ideologies and organization of society - aim is to address inequalitites

Question 44

interventions of structually determined

Answer 44

attention is on policy change - mobilizing the population for poplitical action to bring about desired public policy changes

Question 45

2 features of socially constructued

Answer 45

1. roles of political ideology and political power in shaping the organziation and delivery of health care 2. examining how a society organizes the production and distribution of social and econmic resources that shape health

Question 46

example of medical model

Answer 46

treatment of hypertension with precription medications and regular check ups

Question 47

example of behavioural/lifestyle model

Answer 47

a national campaign to reduce smoking rates by encouragaing smoking cessatino and promoting healthy lifestyle choices

Question 48

example of socio-environmental model

Answer 48

programs aimed at improving community access to fresh produce in food deserts to combat obesity

Question 49

example of structual.critical model

Answer 49

advocacy for healthcare reforms that address systemic inequalities, such as universal healthcare access for all socio-economic groups

Question 50

onotology

Answer 50

what is the nature of reality

Question 51

epistemology

Answer 51

what is knowledge

Question 52

methodolgy

Answer 52

what tools do we use to generate knowledge

Question 53

social theories

Answer 53

- positivism - interpretivism - critical theory

Question 54

what is positivism beliefts (ontology)

Answer 54

- a natural world exists outside of human interpretation - we can acquire objective knowledge about the world

Question 55

what is positivism

Answer 55

positive affirmatino of theories through scientific methods - universal laws of natural phenomena and human behaviour

Question 56

about positivsm

Answer 56

- objective, generalizability - physical, biological, and health sciences (epistemolgoy) - collection and analysis of quantitative data (methodology) - post-positivism

Question 57

what is interpretivism focus

Answer 57

How people understand the world The shared meanings we create to make sense of things - all views are equal "live experiences"

Question 58

interpretivism methology

Answer 58

qualitative research (enthnography, grounded theory)

Question 59

when is interpretivism useful

Answer 59

in health sciences, but is seen as subordinate to positivism

Question 60

critisisms of interpretivism

Answer 60

- Failure to investigate social systems - Doesn’t question what health and health problems are in the first place

Question 61

critical theory goals

Answer 61

- Critique and transform society - Describe structures and processes of power and hierarchy not considered by positivists or interpretivism

Question 62

critical theory focus

Answer 62

on social, political, and econmic context in which people describe their lived experinces - the cuases why is it happening?

Question 63

what is critical theory

Answer 63

- investgate the distribution of resources and lived experiences - the analysis is independent of citizens perception (as in interpretivism)

Question 64

approach to health: medical what is the research paradigm

Answer 64

positivism

Question 65

approach to health: behavioural/lifestyle what is the research paradigm

Answer 65

positivism, post-positivism

Question 66

approach to health: socio-environment what is the research paradigm

Answer 66

interpretive

Question 67

structural/critical is the approach to health what is the research paradigm

Answer 67

ciritical theory