What is the difference between equality and equity
Equality = treating everyone the same Equity = giving everyone what they need to be successful.
What are the two main determinant groups
- Structural determinants
2. Intermediary determinants
What are structural determinants
• Socioeconomic and political context a person is born
into. These can lead to unequal distribution of resources.
• Socioeconomic position ie a person’s position in society Determined by a person’s education, occupation, income, gender, ethnicity
What are intermediary determinants
• Material circumstances eg. quality of housing,
• Means to buy healthy foods, medicines etc,
• Psychosocial circumstances eg. Stress, relationships,
social support,
• Behaviours and biological factors,
• Health systems eg. Availability and access
What are the Four levels of health interventions
using the ‘Cliff Analogy’
- Tertiary care/Acute care
• To treat injury when someone has fallen eg.
Hospital care. - Secondary care
• To prevent/minimise injury among those who have
fallen eg. General Practitioner/ Nurse Practitioner. - Primary care
• To lower the risk of someone falling in the first
place with a focus on education of the individual. - Addressing the determinants of health (DoH)
• Moving people away from the cliff edge completely
with a focus on addressing the DoH within
communities.
Which group of the determinants of health that the WHO states require special attention?
Social, Economic, Political and Physical.
A persons internal characteristics are…
A person’s individual characteristics, social behaviour and a person’s status.
Social justice
It’s about fair and just relations between
individuals and society “What do people need”
Difference between internal and external characteristics
External: These are traits that you can see and use to describe what a character looks like.
Internal: These are traits that describe the way a character act
Difference between Alma-Ata and the Astana Declaration
Alma-Ata was aimed at absense of disease
more holistic approach
Astana has a focus on globally all world and communities within them to come together more specific to what their needs are to achieve a global PHC within communities
Four committments of Astana Declaration
(1) make bold political choices for health across all sectors;
(2) build sustainable primary health care;
(3) empower individuals and communities; and
(4) align stakeholder support to national policies, strategies and plans.
