1
Q
logic
A
study of the support that the premises of an argument give its conclusion
2
Q
what offers full support?
A
deductive logic
3
Q
what offers partial support?
A
inductive logic
4
Q
inductivism
A
- hypotheses earn partial support through evidence
- i.e. where the latter does not entail the former
5
Q
uniformity of nature
A
- future resembles the past
- cannot provide a deductive or inductive justification for this
6
Q
Popper’s rejection of induction
A
- induction has no place in science
- instead use conjectures and refutations
- no such things as
- construction of hypotheses through induction
- inductive support of hypotheses
7
Q
corroboration
A
- hypothesis has survived so far and is tentatively accepted
- does not equal confirmation
8
Q
what is the best we can say of a hypothesis?
A
- able to show its worth
- can never be justified, verified or shown to be probable
9
Q
non-science vs. pseudoscience
A
other activities vs. pretenders
10
Q
pseudoscience examples
A
- Marx’s theory of history
- Freud’s psychoanalysis
- Adler’s individual psychology
11
Q
signs of pseudoscience
A
- seem to explain practically everything
- unspecific (e.g. horoscope predictions)
12
Q
falsifiability
A
theory earns scientific status through risky predictions
Critical Reasoning
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