- Medial to the internal jugular veins
- lateral to the thyroid
- posterior-medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Common Carotid Arteries (CCA)
What is the function of the Common Carotid Arteries?
Supplies blood to head and neck.
What do the Common Carotid Arteries bifurcate into?
Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) and External Carotid Artery (ECA).
What are the branches of the Aortic Arch from right to left?
- Innominate (brachiocephalic)
- Left Common Carotid Artery (LCCA)
- Left Subclavian Artery (LSA)
What is the origin of the Right Common Carotid Artery (RCCA)?
From the brachiocephalic artery (innominate).
What is the origin of the Left Common Carotid Artery (LCCA)?
Directly from the aortic arch.
What are the components of the Carotid Sheath?
- Common Carotid Artery
- Internal Jugular Vein
- Vagus Nerve
Where do the Vertebral Arteries (VA) branch from?
Branch of the subclavian artery.
What do the Vertebral Arteries form at the brainstem?
Basilar artery.
What is the peak systolic velocity of Vertebral Arteries?
< 50 cm/s.
What are the segments of the Vertebral Arteries?
- Pre-vertebral
- Cervical
- Horizontal
- Intracranial
What is the primary function of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)?
Supplies low-resistance beds like brain and eyes.
What wave form are
- Low resistance
- continuous diastolic flow
- no dicrotic notch
Intenal Carotid Artery (ICA)
What are the segments of the Internal Carotid Artery?
- Cervical
- Petrous
- Cavernous
- Cerebral (Supraclinoid)
Which arteries originate from the Cerebral Segment of the ICA?
- Ophthalmic artery
- Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
- Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
- Posterior communicating artery (PcoA)
What does the External Carotid Artery (ECA) supply?
High-resistance beds like face, scalp, neck.
What are the branches of the External Carotid Artery?
- Superior thyroid
- Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What has these waveform characteristic
- High resistance:
- sharp upstroke
- early diastolic reversal
- clear dicrotic notch
External Carotid Artery (ECA)
What is the major source of collateral flow in the brain?
Circle of Willis.
What arteries are part of the Circle of Willis?
- Anterior communicating artery (AcoA)
- Anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)
- Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
- Posterior communicating arteries (PcoA)
- Posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)
- Basilar artery
- Vertebral arteries
What is the correct spectral Doppler angle for accurate velocity measurements?
≤ 60°.
What is the primary differentiating feature between ICA and ECA?
ICA has no branches in the neck; ECA has many branches.
What are controllable risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases?
- Diabetes
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypertension
- Smoking
What are uncontrollable risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases?
- Age
- Family history
- Gender (Male > Female)
