What are the 9 political philosophies from 1600s ? Specify the dates
- 1620s mercantilism
- 1770s liberalism
- 1790s economist nationalism
- 1870s marxism + neoclassical economics
- 1914-20s liberal idealism
- 1950s realism + neorealism
- 1970s neoliberal institutionnalism
- 1985 domestic politics
- 1995 rationalism vs constructivism
What are the DV and the IV of realism ?
IV = power distribution within the international system
DV = war or not war ?
Consequently there is war, when power is unbalanced.
Which historical event can counter the realist theory ?
In the next future we will see that there will be a balance between a hegemon (USA) and his challenger (China). This might be followed by a war.
What are the 4 realist assumptions answering the question “When does war occurs?”
- anarchy = there is no authority that enforces rules or agreements
- zero-sum and relative gains = if there is a winner, there is also a looser
- states as unitary actors
- self interest
What are the implications that realists see when they answer the question “When does war occurs?”
- The power is a central variable
- The primacy of the international system
- The centrality of security
- Difference btw High and Low politics
What is the critique concerning the realist theory ?
Even with the insecurity of the international system we saw more and more cooperation.
Which elements compose the cooperation ?
- détente
- arms litigation agreements
- integration within the Western bloc
Which question emerge from the critique of the realist theory ?
When does cooperation emerge under anarchy ?
Which author supports the importance of the int’l economy in the int’l relations system ? explain his/her point of view.
Susan STRANGE, in 1970s, supports that the development of int’l economy has 3 effects on the IR:
- disturbance effect
- hindrance effect (–> constraints) = a state cannot independently decide to have an open economy, there are constraints.
- competitive policies = tariff and taxes
What are the 2 theoretical perspectives that we will study ?
- systemic feature
2. domestic politics
What are the 3 systemic features ?
- hegemony
- institutions
- legalization
What are the 2 characteristics of a public good ?
- non rivalry = how much you consume does not affect the consumption of the others
- non exclusive
Explain the realist theory of the hegemon
DV = openness
IV = state interest (which diverge), distribution of interest ==> presence of a hegemon +sizeof the state
- small and big states want an open system
- medium states do not want an open system
Problem = incompatible national interests
solution: hegemon coerces the others to follow
Explain the liberalist theory of the hegemon
DV = stability
IV = distribution of power
Problem = free-ride, global common goods, collective actions
solutions: the hegemon provide the public good because it encouragesthe other to follow
Explain the hegemonic stability theory (HTS)
HST indicates that the international system is more likely to remain stable when a single nation-state is the dominant world power, or hegemon. Thus, the fall of an existing hegemon or the state of no hegemon diminishes the stability of the international system. When a hegemon exercises leadership, either through diplomacy, coercion, or persuasion, it is actually deploying its “preponderance of power.” This is called hegemony, which refers to a state’s ability to “single-handedly dominate the rules and arrangements …[of] international political and economic relations.”
What is the problem after the decline of the hegemon ?
Bargaining (negociations) solutions fail because of:
- asymmetric information
- transaction costs
What is the solution of the problem after the decline of the hegemon ?
States maintain the regimes established because the maintenance costs < establishement costs.
What is the argument of Kindleberger concerning the hegemonic stability theory ?
Kindleberger argued that the economic chaos between World War I and World War II that led to the Great Depression was partly attributable to the lack of a world leader with a dominant economy (–> stabilizer).
What are the 5 functions of the hegemon according to Kindleberger
- provide a market for distress good
- if shortage of money, this country should give money to the whole economy (→lend money) = countercyclical lending
- stable system of exchange rates
- policy coordination
- lender of last resort
Which is the new question rised by Kindleberger ?
Why the US did not want to take the lead ?
context: decline of Britain
What are the IV and the DV of Kindleberger ?
IV = presence of a hegemon DV = stability of the system
What are the IV and the DV of Krasner ?
IV = presence of a hegemon DV = openness of the economic system
==> small and big states want an open system (presence of a hegemon) // medium states do not want an open system
What are the 3 games theory ?
- stag hunt = assurance
- chicken game = coordination
- prisonner’s dilemma = cooperation
What are the problem and the solution of the stag hunt ?
P = communication S = rules
