Week 3 Lectures

Question 1

If we have poor langauge choise what are the negative consequences

Answer 1

Impedes understanding
Can be misleading
Can be percceived as inappropriate
Can be perceived as discriminatory
Can be percieved as offensive
Can be incorrect

Question 2

What are the intended use of language

Answer 2

To communicate
To educate
To inform
For data collection
To facilitate decision making
To produce understanding
To communciate risk
To counsel
To solicit (patient recruitment to trials)

Question 3

What are issues in the type of language in genetics

Answer 3

Stigmatizing
Deterministic
Harsh
negative problematic
Applies labels
Value laden
Transmits values
Multiple meanings
Implications Connotations
Multiple derivations

Question 4

What is deterministic

Answer 4

Strips away autonomy rights of the individual is a it is a particular pathy may also be value laden

Question 5

What is problematic

Answer 5

Too technical or scientific lacks clairty problematic large cateogry

Question 6

What is value laden

Answer 6

Word gives value word is inhertility negative meaning something that is positive or negative wantend or not wanted it is not neutral

Question 7

What is perfered over disease

Answer 7

Disorder

Question 8

What is perfered over transferance

Answer 8

Inheritance

Question 9

What would failure to comply suggest

Answer 9

Value laden its like they are failing to do something so you want to use something like reject vs decline

Question 10

What are issues with positive diagonsis or positive for disease

Answer 10

This can confuse people could be a negative consequence but it sound positive

Question 11

What were some limitations of the SLANG study

Answer 11

Small sample size not globally or culturally and in the english language

Question 12

What can language introduce

Answer 12

Anxiety
Guilt
Labels
Images
Connotations

Question 13

What is language respects

Answer 13

Autonomy
Choice
Information processing
Consumer

Question 14

What is important in language

Answer 14

Person first language a person with…
Nodirective language use of neutral terms
Technical language allele
Culture context is important

Question 15

What are the tensions highlighted in the sensitive language article

Answer 15

Scientific accuracy and precision in language means being sensitive to use both terms
Context and comprehension accuracy and context-sensitive and individual comprehension seeking a matter

Question 16

What does spectrum =

Answer 16

ASD has heterogenetiy in phenotypic traits ASD is not one phenotype

Question 17

What does ASD releates to impariments in

Answer 17

Socialization
Communication
Restricted and reptitive intrests
Language abilities

Question 18

What is the spectrum

Answer 18

Mild moderate severe

Question 19

What are some ways people could have ASD

Answer 19

a few genes with mutations/variants have major contributions
Many genes with mutations/variatns have minor contributions

Question 20

What is the heritability for ASD

Answer 20

50-90%

Question 21

What is heritability

Answer 21

The degree of variation in a phenotype trait due to genetic variation in the population

Question 22

What are the contributions to ASD

Answer 22

Genetic factors
Environmental factors
Stochastic=random factors (minor contributions)

Question 23

What is the equation

Answer 23

GXE genes and environment additive and interacation

Question 24

Can the diganosis be reversered

Answer 24

NO there are critical periods in neurodevelopment that can’t be reversed

Question 25

What is an endophenotype

Answer 25

A trait used as a marker for a complex phenotype a complex phenotype is separated into separate symptoms that are able to be measured objectively and are known to be linked to a genetic contribution

Question 26

What are some characterstics of an endophenotype

Answer 26

Commonly a behavioural phenotype A stable phenotype With a demonstrated/known genetic connection Able to assayed quantitatively Able to serve as abiomarker linked to a gentic contribution Co-existenet with the complex phenotype

Question 27

What is the balance model used for

Answer 27

T2D

Question 28

What goes into the balance model

Answer 28

Genes and Lifestyle or environment there is also random chance and its much smaller

Question 29

What can tip the balance

Answer 29

Genetic background contributes to risk Altering the environment alters risk

Question 30

What is the jar model representing

Answer 30

Mental Ilness

Question 31

What are the factors that go into the jar model and how does it work

Answer 31

Environmental factors and genetic factors When it is filled to the rim that is when you experience metnal ilness

Question 32

What are somet things that are different with the jar model and the cup model

Answer 32

The jar model includes time and the experience can be alivelated if factors are removed

Question 33

What disorder is the cup model for

Answer 33

ASD

Question 34

What are the multi-factorial aspects that are going into the cup model

Answer 34

You have weak genetic factors, strong genetic factors and environmental factors. and when the threshold of the rim of the cup is full, it is overflowing this can show the difference between children and how they fill up the cups and can be different

Question 35

What is the autism prevelance of male to female in 2018 compared to 2025

Answer 35

It was 4:1 becuase there is a lower threshold for ASD in males but in 2025 it is now 3:1 females were being under diagnosed previously