what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 2?
p
what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 3?
b, t, d, k, g, m, n, ng, f, h, y, and w
what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 4?
v, s, z, sh, ch, J, and I
what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 5?
th (voiced), zh, and r
what did McLeod and Crowe report as the English consonants (90-100%) mastered by age 6?
th (voiceless)
based on the data collected by McLeod and Crowe, how would you describe the place and manner of earliest to later mastered sounds?
-bilabials and glides develop first (babbling)
-followed by sounds that are the most visable/teachable (nasals, alvelors, + stops)
-then fricatives and affricates
what is the approximate intelligibility expectations for ages 2, 3, and 4?
2- 50% (at least half)
3- 75%
4- 90%
do babies exposed to more than one language exhibit slower speech/language development?
no they do not
what are two key points of the Ertmer (2011) article?
- Children implanted with CI’s before the age of 3 and HA’s before 6 months old had the highest intelligibility scores.
- Just using word-based articulation tests is not reliable, you also need to get a connected speech sample to determine intelligibility.
What are two key points of the Broome et. al. (2021) article?
- it is important for clinicians to use independent speech analysis with kids who have autism
- ?
Identify and describe at least 4 commonly documented normal speech characteristics of AAE
- replacing “th” sound with /f/
- rug vs “ru” dropping the final consonant
- pronunciation differences (oi-el vs ol for oil)
- different stress intonation (ju-ly vs jaly for July)
what are commonly used deficit terms that need to be corrected in relation to AAE?
final consonant deletion
substitution
stopping
According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) what is considered mild?
85-100%
According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) what is considered mild-moderate?
65-85%
According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) how do we calculate the percentage/severity?
percentage of consonants correct divided by total consonants X 100
According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) what is considered moderate-severe?
50-65%
According to Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) what is considered severe?
less than 50%
summarize recommended report statements regarding dialects/English varieties
student demonstrates speech and lang patterns that are consistent with AAE/another dialect and was not penalized for their use of these features
what is the WHO of articulation approach (chapter 17)?
school age children with articulation errors
what is the WHAT of articulation approach (chapter 17)?
focused on motor with sub focus on auditory training
what is the WHY of articulation approach (chapter 17)?
randomized control; articulation therapy studied for longer
what is the HOW of articulation approach (chapter 17)?
procedures; verbal, visual, and tactile
what processes do we want gone by 3 years old?
-initial consonant deletion
-final consonant deletion (mostly gone)
-pre-voicing (largely gone)
-reduplication (largely gone)
-assimulation
what processes persist after 3?
-stopping
-gliding
-cluster reduction
-appenthesis (slight insert of shwa)
