3 types of intergovernmental relations in Canada
Federal-provincial
Provincial-municipal
Federal municipal
through what did the municipalities gain their power?
- Municipalities received their power from the province in the 1867 constitution
What does FCM stand for? and has it seen alot of success? eg?
Federation of Canadian Municipalities which represents Municipalities at national level, Yes, 1930 Great depression.. they put in the effort to receive unemployment assistance from the Federal government.
What is the Municipal Act
It is the provincial policy and laws for municipalities.
- Financing
- election
- types of bylaws
- taxation
- community planning
Other relevant 3 types of legislation like Municipal Act
Planning Act
Heritage Act
Development Charges Act
Municipality control land use policy but when it comes to subdivision planning, does the province need to approve it? Y - N
Yes they do.
What are the two types of Federal influence on municipalities?
Direct eg. FCM, gas tax refund
Indirect eg. taxation, regulation
Do courts have to side with municipalities?
No, they do not
Members of Municipality associations & networks can collectively_______________higher government
Influence!
Disentanglement efforts to separate/clarify Municipal and provincial services were done in Earlier periods and Overtime. how?
Earlier periods:
- Municip provision hard services eg. roads, water infrastructure
- Provincial govt. provision soft services eg. social and health services
Overtime:
- Increased Munic. responsibilities from prov. for soft services with no funding
Define amalgamation. What is the main objective of amalgamation?
Amalgamation is the merging of two-tier into one-tier government. Main objective it to cut back costs.
The opposite of amalgamation is fragmentation. What are the fragmented government issues? 3
Externalities - ones decision affect the other
reduced coordination
Unequal distribution of cost
Characteristics of Northern communities (2)
More geographically isolated
They got different quality of life and lifestyle
3 Concerns for northern communities?
- not enough redistribution of provincial resources
- smaller popn. = less seats in the parliament, policy decisions taken without their input
- tough to find low skill jobs due to globalization
List the motivations and incentives for inter-local cooperation 4
- Fiscal incentives
- fill service gaps
- control externalities
- mandated integration
Where does the municipal gain most of its revenue from?
Property taxation
