Week 4 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Only behavioral addiction that is actually added in DSM-5

Answer

A

Gambling disorder

Question 2

Q

Opioid abuse is most common amount ___________ (job)

Answer

A

healthcare professionals

Question 3

Q

Common pathway of all addictive substances = increase ________ in the _______

Answer

A

dopamine, nucleus accumbens

Nucleus Accumbens is the main reward system and the main perpetrator in addiction.

Question 4

Q

Dopamine plays a big role in addiction but what is endorphin’s role?

Answer

A

to bind to opiate receptor in the post synaptic neuron and ENHANCE the effect of dopamin on the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 5

Q

Addiction: When the _______ system overrides the _______

What are the systems and neurocomponents?

Answer

A

automatic/implicit system overrides the controlled/explicit system.
Automatic: Amygdala system for emotional memory and Nucleus Accumbens for reward system.
Controlled: Hippocampal system for explicit memory and PFC for control.

Question 6

Q

Heroin vs Cocaine Addiction:

- MOA

Answer

A

Heroin: Turns into morphine, which binds OPIATE receptors in the PAIN and REWARD pathway.
Cocaine binds to Dopamine Transporter, preventing the reuptake of DA in the NA. Works ONLY on the REWARD pathway (VTA & NA) and the caudate nucleus

Question 7

Q

Heroin vs Cocaine Addiction:

- How the addiction, tolerance and dependence build up.

Answer

A

Heroin

Addiction: Via Reward Pathway (NA/PFC)
Tolerance: Via Pain Pathway through adapation response.
Dependence: through action in thalamus and brainstem

Cocaine
- Both Addiction and Dependence is mediated by the Reward Pathway

Question 8

Q

What is the main symptom of dependence?

Answer

A

Withdrawal symptoms.

Question 9

Q

Cocaine and the Reward Pathway: How does it change?

Answer

A

Repeated use of cocaine changes the function of the reward pathway so it cannot be activated by natural rewards like food, water, or sex.

Question 10

Q

Physiology of Craving (3)

Answer

A

Increase DA level or neural activation in the NA

Increase DA level in Dorsal Striatum (role of caudate nucleus)

Increase glucose metabolism in the amygdala and Dorsal Lateral PFC

Question 11

Q

Substance vs Non-Substance Addiction: Difference in automatic and controlled system.

Answer

A

Substance Addiction: Has to do with overactive Automatic/Implicit system

Non-Substance Addiction: Has to do with failing of Controlled/Explicit to regulate automatic system.

Question 12

Q

What is the main treatment for Non-Substance Disorders?

Answer

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. And then may SSRI

Question 13

Q

Frontotemporal dementia is associated with this non-substance disorder

Answer

A

Sex addiction

Question 14

Q

DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria: Gambling Disorder

Answer

A

4 symptoms or more in 12 months

Increasing amount of money to achieve excitement
Restless or irritable
unsuccessful efforts to control
Preoccupied with gambling
Gambles when feeling distressed
Chases one’s losses
Conceal extent of involvement
Jeopardized or lost relationship or job due to gambling
Relies on others for financial support.

Question 15

Q

Media Addiction: What is the related brain region associated with social media?

Answer

A

Mesolimbic dopamine system (nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental areas of the brainstem)

Isn’t this basically saying the reward system?

Question 16

Q

________ has an extensive reciprocal connection with the amygdala and dopamine activation of reward circuits. Once the reward circuits get rewired (for example, in heroin addicts) then any amount of BT is not going to have a significant effect.