Week 4: Cervix

Question 1

Cervical pathology basics

Answer 1

90% of cervical pathology falls into three categories

1. Acute and chronic cervicitis
2. endocervical polyps
3. cervical epithelial abnormalities
   
   • squamous atypia
   • squamous dysplasia
   • carcinoma: Squamous cell and adenocarcinoma

Question 2

Uterine anatomy

Answer 2

Question 3

Cervix anatomy

Answer 3

Question 4

Cervix anatomy

Answer 4

Question 5

Cervical squamous epithelia

Answer 5

Question 6

Cervical histology

Answer 6

Question 7

Endocervical polyps

Answer 7

Question 8

Endocervical polyps histology

Answer 8

Soft poft polyps with dilated glands and active stroma

Question 9

Endocervical polyps epidemiology

Answer 9

benign inflammatory hyperplasia seen in 2-5% of women

Question 10

Endocervical polyps gross histological features

Answer 10

• Small to large (5cm) masses arising in the endocervix and protruding through os
• Soft polyps with dilated glands and active stroma

Question 11

What is Acute and chronic cervicitis

Answer 11

• Cervical transformation zone undergoes changes at menarche with estrogen increase and exposure to acidic vaginal fluid
• Endocervical glandular epithelium transformed to squamous epithelium: Squamous metaplasia
  
  • epithelium glycogenated; substrate for organisms
  • Acute and chronic inflammation increase
• Cervix colonized by nonpathogenic bacteria
  
  • endogenous aerobes and anaerobes, lactobacilli, streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, E. coli

Question 12

Acute and chronic cervicitis uncommonly present pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 12

• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Mycoplasmas
• HSV type 2

Question 13

Acute and chronic cervicitis transmission

Answer 13

role in sexual transmission

Question 14

Acute and chronic cervicitis complications

Answer 14

may ascend into uterus and beyond to cause PID

Question 15

Complications of PID

Answer 15

Fertility problems and pregnancy complications such as ectopic pregnancy

Question 16

Histology of Cervical transformation zone w/ squamous metaplasia

Answer 16

Question 17

Histological features of chronic cervicitis

Answer 17

Question 18

History of cervical cancer

Answer 18

Question 19

The pap test as a screening test for cervical cancer

Answer 19

Question 20

How good is the pap test for screening for cervical cancer?

Answer 20

Question 21

Length of dysplasia to cervical cancer

Answer 21

long progression ~ 10 years

Question 22

Ancillary tests to improve pap test effectiveness in screening for cervical cancer

Answer 22

eg HPV test

Question 23

Performance of the Pap test

Answer 23

Question 24

What type of cells should the vagina be?

Answer 24

Question 25

what type of cells should be in the endocervical canal?

Answer 25

Question 26

Pap test slide prep w/ normal pap test

Answer 26

Question 27

Question 1

Answer 27

Question 28

what is cervical dysplasia?

Answer 28

Question 29

Histology of cervical dysplasia

Answer 29

Question 30

What is cervical cancer?

Answer 30

Question 31

Risk factors for cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer 8 listed

Answer 31

Question 32

Cervical dysplasia and HPV

Answer 32

Question 33

Who's affected by HPV and cervical dysplasia

Answer 33

Question 34

Epidemiology of HPV and cervical cancer

Answer 34

Question 35

The male component of HPV infection

Answer 35

Question 36

Male HPV warts

Answer 36

Question 37

Male HPV warts

Answer 37

Question 38

What is the role of HPV in cervical dysplasias?

Answer 38

Question 39

Low risk HPV types

Answer 39

HPV types 6 and 11

Question 40

High risk HPV types

Answer 40

\*HPV 16, 18, 31 and 45\*

Question 41

HPV viral oncogenesis

Answer 41

Question 42

Features of cervical dysplasia 4 listed

Answer 42

Question 43

What is the viral cytopathic effect of HPV

Answer 43

alteration in cell architecture, shape and size due to HPV

Question 44

Normal pap test

Answer 44

Question 45

Abnormal pap tests

Answer 45

Question 46

Normal vs abnormal pap tests

Answer 46

Question 47

What is the Bethesda system?

Answer 47

Question 48

Paptest terminology

Answer 48

Question 49

Normal Pap vs LSIL

Answer 49

Question 50

LSIL pap test

Answer 50

Question 51

LSIL pap test

Answer 51

Question 52

HSIL pap test

Answer 52

Question 53

HSIL pap test

Answer 53

Question 54

HSIL pap test

Answer 54

Question 55

What is the follow-up of cervical dysplasias?

Answer 55

Question 56

HPV test

Answer 56

Question 57

Cervical opening anatomy

Answer 57

Question 58

Cervical opening and cervical biopsies

Answer 58

Question 59

LAST terminology for HPV-associated lesions: Tissue samples

Answer 59

Question 60

LAST terminology for HPV-associated lesions: Tissue samples

Answer 60

Question 61

LSIL gross histology

Answer 61

Question 62

HSIL gross histology

Answer 62

Question 63

LSIL histological features

Answer 63

Question 64

HSIL histological features

Answer 64

Question 65

Cervical cancer

Answer 65

Question 66

Cervical cancer gross histology

Answer 66

Question 67

Cervical cancer gross histology

Answer 67

Question 68

Cervical cancer histological features

Answer 68

Question 69

Cervical cancer histological features

Answer 69

Question 70

Endocervical adenocarcinoma

Answer 70

Question 71

Endocervical adenocarcinoma histology

Answer 71

Question 72

Endocervical adenocarcinoma histology

Answer 72

Question 73

HPV vaccine advances

Answer 73

Question 74

HPV vaccine

Answer 74

Question 75

HPV vaccine update

Answer 75

Question 76

HPV vaccine is recommended for?

Answer 76

Question 77

Primary HPV screening

Answer 77

Question 78

Treatment of Endocervical polyps

Answer 78

simple excision or curettage

Question 79

Most common form of cervical cancer?

Answer 79

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 80

Which types of HPV most likely progress to cancer

Answer 80

70% of cervical cancers are HPV 16 & 18

Question 81

HPV treatment

Answer 81

The HPV vaccine is 92% effective against getting the virus and 100% effective against persistent infection