1
Q
Substantive
A
Nouns
2
Q
Address
A
die Adresse, -n
3
Q
Work
A
die Arbeit
4
Q
bath, bathroom
A
das Bad, -ä-er
5
Q
Bathroom
A
das Badezimmer, -
6
Q
Balcony
A
der Balkon, -e or -s
7
Q
Bed
A
das Bett, -en
8
Q
Picture
A
das Bild, -er
9
Q
Computer
A
der Computer, -
10
Q
Hallway
A
der Flur, -e
11
Q
Garage
A
die Garage, -n
12
Q
Birthday
A
der Geburtstag, -e
13
Q
Money
A
das Geld, -er
14
Q
house
A
das Haus, -ä-er
15
Q
kitchen
A
die Küche, -n
16
Q
Lamp
A
die Lampe, -n
17
Q
TEACHER: Male vs Female
A
der Lehrer, -
die Lehrerin, -nen
18
Q
RENT
A
die Miete, -n
19
Q
housemate, roommate (male)
housemate, roommate (female)
A
der Mitbewohner, -
die Mitbewohnerin, -nen
20
Q
non-smoker (male)
non-smoker (female)
A
der Nichtraucher, -
die Nichtraucherin, -nen
21
Q
BEDROOM
A
das Schlafzimmer, -
22
Q
DESK
A
der Schreibtisch, -e
23
Q
Sofa
A
das Sofa, -s
24
Q
Student Housing
A
das Studentenwohnheim, -e
25
Chair
der Stuhl, -ü-e
26
RUG
der Teppich, -e
27
Patio/Porch
die Terrasse, -n
28
Table
der Tisch, -e
29
Share House
die Wohngemeinschaft (WG), -en
30
Apartment
die Wohnung, -en
31
Living Room
das Wohnzimmer, -
32
Time
die Zeit
33
Newspaper
die Zeitung, -en
34
Room
das Zimmer, -
35
Indoor Plant
die Zimmerpflanze, -n
36
verbs
verben
37
To need
brauchen
38
to think
denken
39
to have
haben
40
to buy
kaufen
41
to cost
kosten
42
to mean
meinen
43
to be
sein
44
to look for
suchen
45
to drink
trinken
46
to understand
verstehen
47
Adjectives and adverbs
ADJEKTIVE UND ADVERBIEN
48
urgent(ly)
dringend
49
free, avaliable
frei
50
cosy, comfortable
gemütlich
51
immediately
gleich
52
high
hoch
53
unfortunately
leider
54
furnished
möbliert
55
of course
natürlich
56
good value
preiswert
57
black
schwarz
58
expensive
teuer
59
perhaps, maybe
vielleicht
60
rather, quite
ziemlich
61
SONSTIGES
other
62
this
dieser
63
excuse me, sorry
Entschuldigung
64
something
etwas
65
somwhere
irgendwo
66
nothing
nichts
67
only
nur
68
already
schon
69
whats the matter?
Was ist denn los?
70
gone
weg
71
which
welcher
72
how much
wie viel
73
The SUBJECT of a sentence is the agent
of the action (the “doer of the verb”).
The person or thing which is directly acted
upon is called the DIRECT OBJECT
In German, the SUBJECT of the sentence is in the nominative case.
The DIRECT OBJECT is in
the accusative case
74
DEFINITE ARTCLICES VS INDEFINITIVE ARTICLES
NOMINATIVE VS ACCUSTATIVE
Note that only
the masculine
articles
change in the
accusative
case!
DEFINITE
NOM: der, die, das, die
ACC: den die das die
INDEFINITE
NOM: ein, eine, ein, keine
ACC: einen eine ein keine
75
NOMINATIVE NOUNS
You have already learned that pronouns can replace nouns. The pronouns we have been
using so far have all been subject pronouns in the nominative case (e.g. ich = I).
1. ich
2. du = you (informal singular)
3. er = he/it
4. sie = she/it
5. es = it
6. wir = we
7. ihr = you (INFORMAL PLURAL)
8. sie = they
9. Sie = you (formal sing./pl.)
76
ACCUSATIVE
PRONOUNS
Pronouns can also replace direct object nouns, in which case you use the accusative
pronouns (e.g. mich = me)
Note: The accusative forms of the non-binary neopronouns (nominative) xier and sier are xien and sien.
1. mich* = me
2. dich* = you
3. ihn* = him/it
4. sie = her/it
5. es = it
6. uns* = us
7. euch* = you
8. sie = them
9. Sie = you
1. ich
2. du = you (informal singular)
3. er = he/it
4. sie = she/it
5. es = it
6. wir = we
7. ihr = you (INFORMAL PLURAL)
8. sie = they
9. Sie = you (formal sing./pl.)
77
enings vs their plurals
Feminine nouns referring to
people that end with -in
take the plural ending -nen.
die Mitbewohnerin
die Mitbewohnerinnen
The endings -e, -n, and
-en are the most common
plural forms.
Nouns ending in -er or -el
don’t take an ending, but
some add an Umlaut.
78
Remember that
dieser and welcher
operate like the
definite article – i.e.
they take different
endings depending on
the gender and case
of the noun they
precede
So-called “der-words” such as “dieser” (this) and
“welcher” (which) follow the same pattern as the definite
article (i.e. they take the same endings).
NOMINATIVE
MASCULINE:
der
dieser
welcher
FEMININE:
die
diese
welche
NEUTRAL:
das
dieses
welches
PLURAL:
die
diese
welche
79
1. Welcher Tisch ist teuer?
2. Dieser Tisch ist teuer!
3. Ich finde diesen Tisch teuer.
4. Welche Stadt ist groß?
5. Diese Stadt ist groß!
6. Ich finde diese Stadt groß.
7. Welches Buch ist interessant?
8. Dieses Buch ist interessant!
9. Ich finde dieses Buch interessant.
10. Welche Menschen wohnen hier?
11. Diese Menschen wohnen hier!
12. Ich finde diese Menschen nett
1. Which table is expensive?
2. This table is expensive!
3. I find this table expensive.
4. Which city is big?
5. This city is big!
6. I think this city is big.
7. Which book is interesting?
8. This book is interesting!
9. I find this book interesting.
10. Which people live here?
11. These people live here!
12. I like these people
80
COFFEE
der Kaffee
81
sein and haben
are irregular
verbs so their full
conjugations
must be
memorised
82
age
das Alter, -
83
answer
die Antwort, -en
84
architect (male)
architect (female)
der Architekt, -en
die Architektin, -nen
85
doctor (male)
doctor (female)
der Arzt, -ä-e
die Ärztin, -nen
86
car
das Auto, -s
87
profession
der Beruf, -e
88
letter
der Brief, -e
89
book
das Buch, -ü-er
90
accountant (male)
accountant (female)
der Buchhalter, -
die Buchhalterin, -nen
91
bike
das Fahrrad, ä-er
92
film
der Film, -e
93
question
die Frage, -n
94
woman
die Frau, -en
95
friend (male)
friend (female)
der Freund, -e
die Freundin, -nen
96
birthday
der Geburtstag, -e
97
dog
der Hund, -e
98
card
die Karten
99
cat
die Katze, -n
100
child
das Kind, -er
101
cinema
das Kino, -s
102
country
das Land, -ä-er
103
life
das Leben, -
104
man
der Mann, ä-er
105
surname
der Nachname, -n
106
name
der Name, -n
107
number
die Nummer, -n
108
place
der Ort, -e
109
school
die Schule, -n
110
town
die Stadt, ä-e
111
street
die Straße, -n
112
student (male)
student (female)
der Student, -en
die Studentin, -nen
113
table
der Tisch, -e
114
university
die Universität, -en
115
first name
der Vorname, -n
116
time
die Zeit, -en
117
compound nouns and gender noun plural attaches only to the last compound in compound.
Remember: Just as
compound nouns take
the gender of the last
noun in the compound,
the plural attaches only
to the last noun in the
compound.
die Nummer, -n
die Telefonnummer, -n
118
Dieser and welcher
Remember that
dieser and welcher
operate like the
definite article – i.e.
they take different
endings depending on
the gender and case
of the noun they
precede
119
understanding inclusive plurals
As we have seen, for every noun referring to a person in German, there is a
male form and a female form: eg. der Student, die Studentin. This means that
there are also male and female plural forms: die Studenten, die Studentinnen.
The ‘gender star’ (das Gendersternchen) is now commonly used before the
feminine plural ending -innen to create a gender-inclusive plural form: eg. die
Student*innen, die Bürger*innen (citizens), etc. Importantly, the gender star
doesn’t just indicate both male and female, it signifies all genders. This
inclusive plural form is quickly becoming mainstream, with Hanover becoming
the first state capital to mandate its use in all official communications in 2019.
German 1
flashcards
Decks in class (31)
# Cards
-
Week 1 ARBEITSBLATT - L221
-
Week 4 -L2119
-
Week 4 - L142
-
Week 3 -L128
-
Week 3 - L259
-
Week 2 - L145
-
Week 2 - L258
-
Week 5 - L150
-
Week 5 - L224
-
Week 7 - L268
-
Week 7 - L118
-
Week 6 - L267
-
W questions16
-
Accusative Pronouns18
-
Days and Months39
-
German Possessive Adjs.9
-
Accusative prepositions10
-
Week 9 L170
-
Week 9 L2106
-
Week 10 L2109
-
Week 10 L19
-
L2 Week 1186
-
L2 Week 856
-
Werden4
-
Week 11 - L116
-
L1 WEEK 1250
-
L2 WEEK 1281
-
WEAK MASCULINE NOUNS7
-
DATIVE VERBS11
-
WEEK 12 PIN PAD DAN13
-
WEEK 12 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE9
