what is colonialism
the physical practice of acquiring or occupying land in another country
how does Loomba define colonialism
the conquest and control of other peoples land, labour, and resources
how is colonialism tied to capitalism
colonialism reorganized colonized economies and integrated them into global trade and then the profits flowed back to Europe
5 forms of colonial rule - ASPTN
- administrative colonialism
- settler colonialism
- plantation colonialism
- territorial annexation
- neo-colonialism
describe the 5 forms of colonial rule - STANP
administrative = control without large settlement
settler = permanent settler society
plantation = export agriculture + imported labour
territorial annexation = direct takeover
neo = indirect control through economics and military
what is exaltation according to Sunera Thobani
the process where certain citizens are evaluated as embodying national values while others (marginalized people) are cast as outsiders
what is imperialism
a policy of extending a country’s power and influence on another country
why did imperial powers expand
wealth - land, labour, resources
political power
trade routes and markets
what long term effects did imperialism product
global inequality
racism and western superiority narratives
economic dependence of former colonies
what did Lorenzo Veracini say about colonialism and settler colonialism
that they are structurally different but intertwined
you need to separate them in order to understand them
each system works in different ways and has different effects
what does the Canada colonial timeline show sociologically
that colonialism is ongoing not just historical
it continues through laws, institutions, and land relations
why is 1831 important in Canadian colonial history
the first residential school opened
part of assimilation policies targeting Indigenous children
what is the significance of the Indian Act 1876
it created legal control over Indigenous identity, land and governance
a key structure of settler colonialism
what do the 1990s policy struggles represent
the ongoing Indigenous activism challenging colonial governance and land dispossession
what does “2000s Repair and Reconciliation” refer to
efforts to apologize and reconcile policies
often criticized as incomplete responses to colonial harm
what is orientalism
a western way of thinking about the “orient” (the eastern world like Asia) that reflects European experiences and power rather than objective reality
how is the Orient (east) portrayed
exotic
mysterious
primitive
irrational
- these oppositions justify colonial dominance
how is the Occident (west) portrayed
modern
scientific
developed
rational
what are the 3 types of orientalism
- academic orientalism
- orientalism as a way of thinking
- orientalism as a system of power
what is academic orientalism
the academic study of the orient
appears objective but it is shaped by colonial power
what is orientalism as a way of thinking
a mindset that divided East vs West into fixed differences
what is orientalism as a system of power
a western style for dominating, restructuring and having authority over the Orient
according to Edward Said, what is orientalism
a system that distributes geopolitical ideas into culture, scholarship, economics and history
what does it mean that orientalism is a “discourse”
a system of ideas that produce knowledge about the east
