Week 5: Proteins

Question 1

What are macromolecules?

Answer 1

Large molecules made up of smaller subunits.

Question 2

Types of macromolecules (4)

Answer 2

Polysaccharide (carbohydrates)
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins

Question 3

Proteins are made from many ___, linked together by.

Answer 3

Amino acids, linked together by peptide bonds.

Question 4

Protein function is directly linked to?

Answer 4

Protein structure.

Question 5

The function of a protein nearly always involves?

Answer 5

Binding in a complementary manner

Question 6

Proteins have long chains of amino acids. How many different acids can be used?

Answer 6

20

Question 7

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 7

Bond between two adjacent amino acids

Question 8

If polypeptide chains consist of more than 100 amino acids, they are called?

Answer 8

proteins

Question 9

Proteins carry out it’s function by?

Answer 9

Recognising and binding to another specific molecule.

Question 10

Proteins have a unique shape that is __________ to the particular molecule they need to bind to.

Answer 10

Complementary.

Question 11

Different levels of organisation? (4)

Answer 11

Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure

Question 12

What is involved with the primary structure?

Answer 12

• Sequence of amino acids

- Adjacent amino acids are held together by peptide bonds

Question 13

What is involved with the secondary structure?

Answer 13

• § The coiling or folding that contributes to the shape of the protein
• Weak hydrogen bonds form between hydrogen of 1 amino acid and the oxygen of a different amino acid nearby to form a coil

Question 14

What is involved with the tertiary structure?

Answer 14

• Polypeptide chains bend and fold to produce 3-dimensional shape
• Formed and stabilized by weak chemical bonds between functional groups
• Each type of protein has it’s own characteristic tertiary structure

Question 15

What is involved with the quaternary structure?

Answer 15

• Number of polypeptide chains covalently linked together.

Question 16

Types of functional proteins: (7)

Answer 16

• Structural
  
  • Transport
  • Messenger
  • Receptor
  • Contractile
  • Defensive
  • Enzymatic

Question 17

Some proteins in the cell membrane act as ________ for hormones.

Answer 17

Receptors.

Question 18

The receptor has a ___________ shape to the hormone, which allows?

Answer 18

Complementary shape, allows binding between molecules.

Question 19

If the protein is the wrong shape, what happens?

Answer 19

The hormones wont bind.

Question 20

Antigen/Antibody binding involves:

Answer 20

• Binding of antigens with a complimentary shape

- Antibody recognises and binds to the antigen

Question 21

An antigen is:

Answer 21

A foreign or non-self molecule.