what forms from paired Müllerian ducts
fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, upper 1/3 vagina
what forms from sinovaginal bulbs
lower 2/3 vagina
what causes uterine malformations
failure to resorb, fuse and form properly
common uterine pathology
leiomyoma, adenomyosis
rare uterine pathology
leiomyosarcoma, lipoleiomyoma
leimyomas are __ dependent
estrogen
leimyomas composed of __ muscle cells & __ tissues
spindle shaped; fibrous connective
leimyomas clinical presentations
HAIL
- asymptomatic
- large palpable fibroid
- heavy menstrual bleeding
- infertility
leimyomas locations
intramural
submucosal
subaerosal
pedunculated
cervical
leimyomas management
what is adenomyosis
endometrial tissue lines uterus into myometrium; pooling of blood into muscle causes local inflammation & scar tissue causing hypertrophy & hyperplasia
adenomyosis clinical presentation
endometirum hyperplasia clinical presentation
abnormal uterine bleeding
aetiology of endometirum hyperplasia
endometirum hyperplasia management
biopsy, hysterectomy (w/ atypia), progestin therapy (w/o atypia)
endometrium carcinoma most common among
postmenopausal women
endometrium carcinoma strongly associated with
endometrium polyp are __
benign endometrial tissue growth that may have a stalk protruding into cervix / vagina
endometrium polyp clinical presentation
IUCD can be visualized in __ US
transabdominal & transvaginal
US is used to visualize ___ of IUCD
positioning, perforation, removal
IUCD sonography feature
highly echogenic linear structure in endometrial cavity in body of uterus
hematometrocolpos
accumulation of retained menstrual blood
hydrometrocolpos
accumulation of secretions in vagina & uterus