a prediction that is tested in a research study
hypothesis
the probability of an outcome given the hypothesis
probability value
the hypothesis that an apparent effect is due to chance
null hypothesis
the reverse of the null hypothesis
alternative hypothesis
the probability value below which the null hypothesis is rejected
significance level
the region in which there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis
rejection region
the value corresponding to a specific rejection region
critical value
an inferential statistic used to test a null hypothesis
test statistic
the proportion of the area under the curve in the tails beyond our obtained z statistic
p value
the effect when the null hypothesis is rejected
statistical significance
the idea of how large, important, or meaningful a statistically significant effect is
effect size
occurs when a significance test results in the rejection of a true null hypothesis
type 1 error
error made when failing to reject a false null hypothesis
type 2 error
the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis
statistical power
