Week 7

Question 1

Energy definition

Answer 1

the capacity to perform work

Question 2

energy is required for

Answer 2

• muscle contraction
• digestion
• nerve conduction
• gland secretion

Question 3

Power definition

Answer 3

• the rate of change of energy
• how quickly you can perform work

Question 4

Adenosine Trihosphate

Answer 4

phosphate bonds release energy when they are broken
- the immediate energy source for muscle contraction

Question 5

ATP Equation

Answer 5

ATP -> ADP + Pi + Energy

Question 6

Creatine Equation

Answer 6

CP -> C + Pi + Energy

Question 7

Anaerobic production of ATP

Answer 7

do not require oxygen delivery to the blood to produce ATP

Question 8

Aerobic production of ATP

Answer 8

do require oxygen delivery to the blood to produce ATP

Question 9

The Phosphagen System

Answer 9

• immediate energy system
• important for high energy output activities

Question 10

The phosphagen system uses

Answer 10

uses stored ATP and PC to make ATP by resynthesizing ATP with CP bond energy

Question 11

Peak Power is used in activities

Answer 11

that only take a few seconds or less
- uses stored ATP and does not rely on CP to restore ATP

Question 12

sustained power is where the athlete is

Answer 12

maintaining high power output for several seconds
- relys on CP stores to resynthesize ATP

Question 13

The Glycolytics System uses

Answer 13

stored glucose or glycogen as fuel
- produces lactate

Question 14

Glycolysis defintion

Answer 14

is the chemical breakdown of glycogen/glucose from the muscle or liver

Question 15

Glucose can be made available through

Answer 15

1. passing from blood through the muscle cell membrane into the cell interior (2ATP)
2. split from glycogen stores in the muscle itself (3ATP)

Question 16

Anaerobic glycolysis can produce

Answer 16

ATP raidly to meet energy requirements during severe exercise when oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply

Question 17

High rates of ATP production by glycolysis cannot

Answer 17

be sustained for more than 60-90 seconds, causing local muscle fatigue

Question 18

The Oxidative system

Answer 18

Aerobic system
- predominate in life & lower instensity/longer duration activities
- can make use of carbs/fats/proteins

Question 19

Aerobic Carbohydrate breakdown

Answer 19

1. Glycolysis produces pyruvate
2. pyruvate converted into Acetyl Co-A
3. Acetyl CoA enters Citric Acid cycle producing H+ and e-
4. H+ and e- enter ETC
5. ATP produced

Question 20

What breakdown, anaerobic or aerobic produced more ATP

Answer 20

• Aerobic = 36-40
• Anaerobic = 2-3

Question 21

1g of fat produces

Answer 21

9kcal

Question 22

1g of carbs produces

Answer 22

4kcal

Question 23

1g of protein produces

Answer 23

4kcal

Question 24

Aerobic breakdown of Fatty Acids

Answer 24

Fat
Fatty acids
beta oxidation
Acetyl CoA
Krebs cycle
ETC
CO2 + H20 + ATP

Question 25

Protein metabolism

Answer 25

- least preferred form of fuel - used when carbohydrate stores are running low

Question 26

Aerobic breakdown of protein

Answer 26

protein aa deamination krebs ETC CO2 + H20 + ATP

Question 27

Human Energy Systems Graph

Answer 27

1. ATP 2. CP 3. Anaerobic Glycolysis 4. Aerobic Glycolysis (glucose) 5. Aerobic Lipolysis (fat/protein)

Question 28

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 28

- rate of oxygen consumption increases dramatically after exercise - rapid and slow phase

Question 29

EPOC is caused by

Answer 29

- rapid phase is caused by phosphogen stores replenishing - slow phase is caused by a increased body temp which increases the rates of chemical rxns - also a effect from exercise hormones increasing metabolism, energy needed for tissue repair/redistribution of ions, oxygen is required for the heart and respiratory muscles

Question 30

Recovery time

Answer 30

- variable, but when little acidity/lactate is produced recovery is rapid - if body temp is not elevated, EPOC will not be large

Question 31

Active aerobic recovery

Answer 31

helps speed up the return of muscle acidity levels to normal by speeding up the rate of blood flow throughout the muscle

Question 32

Recovery times required depend on

Answer 32

exercise intensity and duration - fatigue is also influenced by CNS/PNS, psychological factors, muscle damage

Question 33

Trained athletes can

Answer 33

shift the lactate curve to the right - meaning that they can exercise at a higher intensity and have the same lactate level as a untrained individual at a lower intensity because they clear lactate from the blood more efficiently

Question 34

Fatigue definition

Answer 34

the inability to maintain your desired exercise intensity - LT1 (talk test) fatigue can be due to boredom or repeated events -LT2 (vo2max) fatigue can be due to inability to buffer muscle acidity at that rate

Question 35

Lactate does not cause

Answer 35

- fatigue or muscle soreness

Question 36

DOMS cause

Answer 36

delayed onset muscle soreness is caused by damage to muscle fibres and connective tissue

Question 37

CNS fatigue

Answer 37

intense repeated bouts of strenous exercise causes nt's to become depleted, reducing performance

Question 38

Central muscle weakness causes

Answer 38

an overall body, sense of deprivation

Question 39

Peripheral muscle weakness causes

Answer 39

local, muscle-specific incapacity to work

Question 40

Central components of muscle fatigue result in

Answer 40

a reduction in the nueral drive to working muscles, causing a decline in force output

Question 41

The best way to remove lactate from the muscles during recovery is

Answer 41

light exercise , approx 35% of VO2max