What is qualitative research?
Research that uses (non-numerical) qualitative data.
(first-hand observation, interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, participant-observation, recordings made in natural settings, documents, and artifacts).
What is mixed methods research?
Research that uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative data.
What is quantitative research?
Research that uses numerical data.
What are 12 characteristics of qualitative research?
- Naturalistic inquiry.
- Emergent design flexibility.
- Purposeful sampling.
- Personal experience.
- Empathic neutrality.
- Unique case orientation.
- Inductive analysis and creative synthesis.
- Holistic perspective.
- Context sensitivity.
- Reflexivity.
What is naturalistic inquiry in qualitative research?
Studying unmanipulated real world situations.
What is emergent design flexibility in qualitative research?
Adapting inquiry as situations change.
What is purposeful sampling in qualitative research?
Choosing samples based on study interest.
What is empathic neutrality qualitative research?
Being empathetic and neutral when collecting qualitative data.
What is meant by dynamic systems in qualitative research?
Things change constantly.
What is unique case orientation in qualitative research?
Assume each case in unique.
What is inductive analysis and creative synthesis in qualitative research?
Creating a theory based off the data you have.
What is holistic perspective in qualitative research?
Humans and phenomenon are complex systems.
What are the 5 main methods of establishing validity in qualitative research?
- Descriptive - Factual accuracy of researcher reports.
- Interpretive - Accurately portraying qualitative data (good luck).
- Theoretical - Degree to which the theory fits the data.
- Internal - Is there clear cause and effect?
- External - Can you generalise results?
What are the strengths of qualitative research?
Provides informative that is not present in numerical data.
What are the weaknesses of qualitative research?
Highly subjective, difficult to measure, susceptible to bias and human error.
What are the 3 kinds of interviews can be used in qualitative research?
- Structured.
- Unstructured.
- Semi-structured.
What are the two strategies for reducing researcher bias in qualitative research?
- Reflexivity - Thinking critically about interpretations and biases.
- Negative case sampling - Searching for cases that challenge expectations of current findings.
What are the two strategies for increasing researching interpretation validity in qualitative research?
- Participant feedback.
2. Low-inference descriptors - Verbatim reporting.
What are the three strategies for increasing theoretical validity in qualitative research?
- Extended fieldwork - Spending enough time in the field to understand what’s going on.
- Theory triangulation - Do interpretations conflict with established theories?
- Peer review - Do others think it is valid?
What is idiographic causation in qualitative research?
An action of an individual has an observable result.
What is nomological causation in qualitative research?
The standard view of causation in science; refers to causal relationships among variables.
What is naturalistic generalisation in qualitative research?
Generalisation made by the reader of the report.
Someone reads a paper and notices where it is applicable
What is theoretical generalisation in qualitative research?
Generalising a theory generated by a qualitative study.
