Week 9

Question 1

ageism

Answer 1

more tolerated form of social discrimination in Canada

Question 2

negative expectations for old age

Answer 2

1. smelly
2. demanding
3. useless
4. boring
5. loss of autonomy
6. dependent
7. senile

Question 3

what is a stereotype?

Answer 3

“how we think”

Question 4

age-related sterotypes

Answer 4

cognitive structures embedding beliefs and expectations that people hold about different age stages

Question 5

what do stereotypes of aging include?

Answer 5

assumptions and generalizations about how people at or over a certain age should behave

Question 6

how do stereotypes exist?

Answer 6

1. explicit attitudes
2. implicit priming

Question 7

explicit attitudes

Answer 7

1. previously learned information
2. what people consciously endorse or believe
3. direct and deliberate
4. can be acknowledged

Question 8

implicit priming

Answer 8

1. associations that are outside of the conscious awareness
2. unconscious and effortless
3. indirect and automatic
4. involuntarily active

Question 9

the stereotype content model (SCM)

Answer 9

1. first proposed in 2002
2. believed that all group stereotypes and interpersonal impressions form along two dimensions: warmth and competence

Question 10

what is the notion that the stereotype content model is based on (SCM)?

Answer 10

1. people are evolutionarily predisposed to first assess a stranger’s intent to either harm or help themn(warmth) 2. to judge the stranger’s capacity to act on that perceived intention (competence)

Question 11

high warmth, low competence

Answer 11

paternalistic prejudice
1. low status, not competitive pity, sympathy
2. elderly people, disabled people, housewives

Question 12

Barber et al. (2020)

Answer 12

1. stereotype threat can impair older adult’s physical performance
2. dependent on tasks objective difficulty and participants subjective evaluations of their own resources

Question 13

what is ageism?

Answer 13

how we think (stereotypes), feel (prejudice) and act (discrimination) towards other or ourselves based on age

Question 14

everyday ageism

Answer 14

occurs in day-to-day lives through interpersonal interactions and exposure to ageist beliefs, assumptions and stereotypes
***most common type

Question 15

everyday ageism for adults aged 50-80

Answer 15

1. 82% experience one or more forms of everyday
2. 65% exposure to ageist meddages
3. 45% ageism in interpersonal interaction
4. 36% internalized ageism

Question 16

ageism breakdown

Answer 16

1. cognitive (stereotypes)
2. emotional (prejudice)
3. behavioural (discrimination)

Question 17

WHO and ageism prevalance

Answer 17

50% of people worldwide are ageist against older people

Question 18

workplace ageism

Answer 18

ageism can affect financial security and mental health
- 78% of older workers experiences or witnessed age discrimination at work

Question 19

healthcare ageism

Answer 19

ageism is prevalent in healthcare through communication, diagnosis and treatment decisions

Question 20

media ageism

Answer 20

ageism is present in the media with negative portrayals, underrepresentation, and framing aging as the program

Question 21

legal system ageism

Answer 21

ageism is present in the legal system with ageism language, age restrictions, and accessibility

Question 22

health effects of ageism

Answer 22

1. shortens older adults lives
2. poor physical health
3. decreased mental health
4. delay in injury or illness recovery
5. increased social isolation and loneliness
6. lower quality of life

Question 23

other effects of ageism

Answer 23

1. costs society billions of dollars
2. causes conflict between generations
3. causes loss of productivity in the workplace
4. causes elder abuse

Question 24

portrayal of older adults in the media

Answer 24

1. 96% positive portrayal for individuals under 50 years old
2. 72% positive portrayal for individuals 50+ years old
3. 15% of images in news are of individuals over 50+ years old

Question 25

disney roles for older adults

Answer 25

1. 39% of older adults had major role 2. 80% were male 3. many were portrayed at negative

Question 26

categories of everyday ageism

Answer 26

1. exposure to ageist messages 2. ageism in interpersonal interactions 3. internalized ageism

Question 27

how is it all related?

Answer 27

stereotypes impact well-being which leads to poorer mental and physical health

Question 28

hedonic well-being

Answer 28

1. satisfaction with life 2. positive effects

Question 29

eudaemonic well-being

Answer 29

1. purpose in life 2. autonomy 3. personal growth 4. environmental mastery 5. positive relationships 6. self-acceptance

Question 30

combatting ageism

Answer 30

1. policy and law 2. education 3. intergeneration

Question 31

policy and law

Answer 31

policy and law can address discrimination and inequity based on age and protect the human rights of everyone, everywhere

Question 32

education

Answer 32

educational activities can transmit knowledge and skills and enhance empathy

Question 33

intergeneration

Answer 33

intergenerational interventions can contribute to the mutual understanding and cooperation of different generations

Question 34

combatting ageism with research

Answer 34

1. investing resources in research activities 2. important for campaigns to foster a learning environment 3. ensure research findings are responded to in an appropriate and timely manner 4. include research through entire campaign 5. know when to measure, what to measure and how best to measure

Question 35

combatting ageism with community work

Answer 35

1. engage: incorporate voices of the community (participatory action research) - include older adults in research process 2. involve: range of government structures and work alongside various partners to enable effective use of resources (middle-out approach) -ensure OA are represented in a meaningful way 3. include: reps from affected communities (create co-researchers) - directly related to older adults

Question 36

countering ageism

Answer 36

importance of shifting perceptions to promote healthy, positive aging

Question 37

cognitive (stereotypes)

Answer 37

MICRO - "how we think" in relation to aging and older adults

Question 38

emotional (prejudice)

Answer 38

MESO - "how we feel" in relation to aging and older adults

Question 39

behavioural (discrimination)

Answer 39

MACRO - "how we act" in relation to aging and older adults

Question 40

ageism in the media

Answer 40

lack or representation of older adults in the media and typically are negatively portrayed - villan

Question 41

ageism and the beauty industry

Answer 41

direct link between body image and ageism - grey hair = "not beautiful" - defeating aging beauty products can be offensive

Question 42

exposure to ageist messages

Answer 42

1. social media 2. movies 3. marketing

Question 43

ageism in interpersonal reactions

Answer 43

people close - around you

Question 44

internalized ageism

Answer 44

your own views

Question 45

what are the 3 most common perceptions of aging?

Answer 45

1. I see, hear and/or read jokes about old age, aging or older people 2. I hear, see, and/or read things suggesting that older adults and aging are unattractive or undesirable 3. feeling lonely is part of getting older

Question 46

what does age stereotypes effect?

Answer 46

1. affects well-being 2. affects core cognitive components 3. directly affects physical and mental health

Question 47

age stereotypes impact on physical and mental health

Answer 47

makes individuals more likely to experience injury, longer recovery time, etc.

Question 48

age stereotypes and cognitive health

Answer 48

individuals with poor cognitive health are more likely to experience ageism but don't know because they cant comprehend

Question 49

example of an intergenerational intervention to combat ageism?

Answer 49

grandpals