1
Q
what is resilience; before
A
‘‘Protective factors which modify, ameliorate or alter a person’s response to some environmental hazard that predisposes to a maladaptive outcome’’ (Rutter, 1987, p. 316).
2
Q
what is resilience after
A
- A class of phenomena characterized by good outcomes in spite of serious threats to adaptation or development’’ (Masten, 2001, p. 228).
- ‘‘The capacity of individuals to cope successfully with significant change, adversity, or risk’’ (Lee & Cranford, 2008, p. 213).
3
Q
what is resilience during
A
- The process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances’’
(Masten et al., 1990, p. 426 - ‘‘A dynamic process encompassing positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity’’
(Luthar et al., 2000, p. 543). - ‘‘The personal qualities that enables one to thrive in the face of adversity’’
4
Q
resiliency definition after pt 2
A
‘‘An individual’s stability or quick recovery (or even growth) under significant adverse conditions’’
(Leipold & Greve, 2009, p. 41).
5
Q
what is apart of resilience?
A
adversity and positive adaptation
6
Q
Adversity
A
- Originally thought of as needing a determined threshold of severity
- Now understood to encompass highly taxing/serious events AND/OR disruptions embedded in daily life
- Need to be clear with what researcher is defining as ‘adversity’
7
Q
Positive Adaptation
A
- Largely contingent of type of adversity
- Must consider sociocultural conditions surrounding the individual
8
Q
Grounded Theory of Psychological Resilience
A
adversity is in stressors
positive adaptation is in facilitative responses
psychological factors (the middle)
- positive personality
- motivation
- focus
- percfieved social support
- confidence
9
Q
psychological reliance
A
review model
10
Q
2019 luc martin study ; achievement despite adversity sample
A
12 current undrafted NHL players
(Mage =27.25 years)
6 to 304 games played at NHL level
~15% of NHL players are undrafted
11
Q
2019 luc martin study ; achievement despite adversity method
A
Semi-structured interviews
12
Q
2019 luc martin study ; achievement despite adversity results
A
- ## stessor/adversity (not being drafted, organizational, competitive, personal)
- psychological attributes (competitiveness, confidence, motivation, focus, passion)
- mechanism (social support, goal-setting strategies, deliberate practice)
(long-standing objective of attaining NHL)
13
Q
stessor/adversity
A
…But also, organizational, competitive, and personal
14
Q
Psychological Attributes
A
Competitiveness, confidence, motivation, focus, and passion
15
Q
Mechanisms
A
Social support, goal-setting strategies, and deliberate practice
16
Q
2020 study; intervention to promote growth following adversity; purpose
A
The aim of this study was to facilitate knowledge transfer from other psychology disciplines by systematically reviewing intervention studies that aim to foster growth following adversity.”
17
Q
2020 study; intervention to promote growth following adversity; method
A
Systematic review following PRISMA guide
36 studies included
18
Q
2020 study; intervention to promote growth following adversity; results ; knowns
A
- Growth can be seen in a number of ways
- Growth has different trajectories for different people
- Growth is multidimensional
19
Q
2020 study; intervention to promote growth following adversity; results ; unknowns
A
- Identifying mediators and moderators
- Accounting for cultural/contextual variations
- Moving beyond the individual level
20
Q
what is individual resilience
A
- The ability to use personal qualities to withstand pressure
- The ability to maintain functioning (wellbeing and performance) when under pressure
- A dynamic process resulting from the interaction of an individual and one’s environment
- Preventative and proactive approach to managing stress
21
Q
what individual resilience is NOT
A
- Rare or special quality found in only extraordinary people
- A fixed trait
- Found exclusively within a person - Absence or suppression of emotions
22
Q
Collective Resilience
A
A group’s ability, through a high level of agency and adaptability, to withstand or recover quickly from challenging events.”
23
Q
examples of collective resilience
A
- Communities dealing with natural disasters
- Political parties adapting to public support
- Family overcoming financial hardship
24
Q
collective resilience process involves
A
- agency
- adaptability
25
Chapman et al., (2020) – Broad Scoping Review of Literature:
what is resilience?
The capacity to bounce back from failure, setbacks, conflicts, or any other threat to well-being that they may experience
26
Chapman et al., (2020) – Broad Scoping Review of Literature:
; To satisfy the characteristic, the following are needed:
1. Presence of stressors, setbacks, pressure, challenge or adversity.
i.e., Involves addressing disturbances of some sort, both internally and externally.
2. Presence of effective team performance of some sort.***
3. Presence of ability or capability to withstand/overcome/adapt
27
Athletes do not work in _____—they function within a team
isolation
28
Resilient individuals will _____automatically be a resilient team
NOT
29
What IS Team Resilience in Sport?
A dynamic, psychosocial process which protects a group of individuals from the potential negative effect of the stressors they collectively encounter. It comprises of processes whereby team members use their individual and combined resources to positively adapt when experiencing adversity.”
(Morgan et al., 2013, p. 552)
30
factors associated / characteristic with team resilience Morgan et al., (2013):
- group structure
- mastery approaches
- social capital
- collective efficacy
31
Group Structure
- Leadership
- Norms
- Communication - channels
32
Mastery Approaches
- Learning
- orientation
- Adaptive responses
- Managing change
33
Social Capital
- Group identity
- Social support
- Pro-social - interactions
34
Collective Efficacy
- Past experiences
- Cohesion
- Social persuasion
35
Morgan et al., (2015):
Analyzed autobiographies of 8 members of England rugby union World Cup Championship Team
36
what did Morgan et al., (2015):
result in
Psychosocial processes underlying team resilience:
37
Psychosocial processes underlying team resilience:
- transformation leadership
- shared team leadership
- team learning
- social identity
- positive emotions
38
Morgan et al., (2017):
Conceptual review of the literature
39
Morgan et al., (2017):Two main “take-aways”: (take away 1
Group life needs to be considered...In other words, athletes are highly influenced by teammates and sport environment
40
Morgan et al., (2017):Two main “take-aways”: (take away 2
Any efforts to create a resilient team needs to include the team in the discussions
41
what is organization resiliency ?
the dynamic capability of an organization to successfully deal with significant change.
42
organization resiliency emerges from
multi-level (employee, team, and organizational) interacting characteristics and processes
43
the emerges of the organizations resiliency enables
an organization to prepare for, adapt to, and learn from significant change”
44
Resilient Characteristics of Elite Sport Organizations
1. Structural Clarity
2. flexible improvement
3. shared understanding
4. reciprocal commitment
5. operational awareness
45
Structural Clarity
- Effective internal communication channels
- Role clarity
- Transparent decision making
- Effective external communication channels
- Flexible or adaptable structure
46
2. Flexible Improvement
- Desire to learn and improve
- Openness to ideas
- Adaptable
- Innovation and creativity
- Accepts uncertainty and change
- Optimistic
47
3. Shared Understanding
- Shared vision and values
- Collective efficacy
- Group norms
- Values unity/integration
48
4. Reciprocal Commitment
- Employees feel valued
- High levels of employee loyalty and commitment
- Effective internal partnerships
- Trusting
- Supportive
- Psychological safety
- Employee well-being prioritized
- Enthusiastic employees
- Affectionate relationships
49
5. Operational Awareness
- Anticipate problems early
- Awareness of priorities in a crisis
- Awareness and understanding of operating environment
- Gathering and considering alternate options
- Pause and reflect before making decisions
- Awareness of opportunities or resources available
50
What about Organizations?
- Provides an overarching perspective for how organizations can support individuals
- Creates a foundation to inform future research and intervention
51
Resilient athletes do not automatically form into a resilient team
BUT…
the concepts are very similar between the levels
individual (adversity + positive adaptation)
Group (agency + adaptability)
52
Resilience is demonstrated
through positive adaptation when experiencing adversity
53
Adversity can be a
large traumatic event or the more nuanced day-to-day stressors experienced
54
thriving
“The joint experience of development and success.” (individual level)
55
more specific thriving (adjacent to sport)
- Enhanced physical, psychological, and social well-being + succeeding in relevant life domains
- Sustained optimal performance and well-being
56
similarities between thriving and resilience
Positive adaptations to adverse events
57
differences between between thriving and resilience
- resilience = behaviour capacity to maintain same level of functioning exhbitied propr to adverse functioning
- thriving implies enhanced level of functioning
-
58
Thriving does not require
an adverse event (e.g., thrive in life opportunity or adversity)
59
thriving outcomes (who is thriving will have)
- growth mindset
- enhanced self-efficacy, motivation
- sport retention (more likely to keep going and not drop out)
60
Factors that Influence Thriving
- personal enablers (individual level)
- contextual enablers
61
Personal Enablers
- Optimism
- Intrinsic motivation
- Proactive personality
- Resilient qualities
- Self-regulatory skills
- coping mechanisms
62
Contextual Enablers
- Supportive social agents
- Challenging and psychologically safe environment
- Attachment and trust
63
Future Directions
- There are numerous opportunities for continued research on thriving.
- Sport research has solely examined thriving at the individual athlete level.
64
not enough to say
- because they doing well you can say theyre thriving need to look at the individual level
65
Empirical Support: collective thriving
- Originates in the cognitions, affect, and behaviours of individuals.
- A shared emotional and psychological state that is attributable to the group and influenced by context.
- The joint experience of learning and vitality.
66
collective thriving is more about
the individual state of the individual members of the team
67
Preliminary Findings ; Positive Outcomes
Enhanced team resiliency, goal achievement, and team performance
68
Preliminary Findings ; Contextual Enablers
- Servant leaders that are empathetic, nurturing, and assist followers in fulfilling their needs
- Authentic leaders who demonstrate high ethical morals and work collaboratively with their team members (would see motivatioal and identity leaders in here)
69
common thriving
"i am satisified with my perofrmance today i felt alive and vital"
- more at the individual level (everyone can be thriving)
70
team thriving
"i am satisifed with my teams perforamcne today, i thought the team was alive and vital"
- my perception on the team performance / team as a whole
71
collective thriving
" we as a team, are satisfied with our performance today, we as a team felt alive an vital"
- you are apart of the team seen with the team
72
trust is
The willingness of a party to be vulnerable to the actions of another party based on the expectation that the other will perform a particular action important to the trustor, irrespective of the ability to monitor or control that other party” (Mayer et al., 1995, p. 712)
73
risk with trust
the willingess of a party to be vulberable, we dont know what to expect from someone
74
lack of control and trust
expectation and that you dont have the ability to monitor or control something
75
Perceived Trustworthiness (to see some one as a trustful individual)
- ability (to give trust and give trust to them)
- benevolence (belief to want to do good to the truster , do they have best interest at mind)
- integrity (adheres to a set of principles)
76
the percieved trustworthiness leads to
- propensity to trust
then trust
- but you can rely more on one thing or another
77
propensity to trust
how likely are oyu to weigh the percieved trustworthiness evenly (doesn't have to be equal)
78
trust leads to
risk taking
- example: trusting more people that before
- engage in more risk taking behaviours
79
risk taking leads to
outcomes
- what was expected (did that occur or not)
- could be positive or negative
80
trust outcomes leads to
- Performance-related Outcomes
- Health-related Outcomes
81
Performance-related Outcomes
- Organizational citizenship behaviours
- Commitment, cohesiveness, satisfaction, and information processing
- Knowledge sharing
- Innovation
82
Health-related Outcomes
- Increase self-disclosure of mental health-related problems
- Facilitate and promote help-seeking behaviours
- Enhance perceptions of psychological safety
83
psychological safety is
shared belief that is held by team members that it is safe for interpersonal risk taking (not physical risk, more social and mental risk)
84
with psychological safety ; danger
- fosters a fear of failure
- increases practice of blaming of others
- decreases interpersonal risk taking (less likely to seek feedback or give it)
- decreases willingness to speak up and share
85
safety of psychological safety ; safety
- increases interpersonal risk taking
- increases authenticity
- increases participation
- increases collaboration learning and innovation
86
trust vs psychological safety
- trust (do i thin teammate A is trustworthy)
- safety (will my team give me the benefit of the doubt (my teammates wont punish me for saying something because it good for the team)
87
Vella et al. (2022)
- examining sport participation and mental health
- there is lack of conceptual clarity on how to define psychological safety and hpw it can be promoted
88
purpose of Vella et al. (2022)
- Define construct and its attributes
- Highlight antecedents and consequences
89
Vella et al. (2022) Conceptualizations
3
90
Conceptualizations ; #1
Practice that increases safe peer group interactions. Absence of threats, fear, and abuse. Discuss alongside physical safety
91
Conceptualizations ; #2
Belief that a team is safe for interpersonal risk-taking
92
Conceptualizations ; #3
An environment that allows people to feel free from psychological harm, accepted, and respected
93
(Vella et al., 2022, p. 15)
Psychological safety in sport definition
is the perception that one is protected from, or unlikely to be at risk of, psychological harm in sport
94
Defining Attributes
of psych safety
- structure of psych safety
- promotion of risk-taking behaviour (not saying you have to but allows for this)
- absence of psychological threat or harm
- positive interpersonal relationships (peer support, family..)
- positive emotional state
- sense of social justice (not relying to keep all your teammates in check you can call them out on things that go against the team norms and such)
95
individual outcomes of psych safety
- personal development (learn better and such)
- mental health (know that your not going to get builled and such you know its a safe space)
- motivation to continue sport participation (feel like you very accepted your more likely to come back)
96
team outcome of psych safety
- Social Connections/ Climate
- Team Effectiveness/Performance
- Learning
97
how caqn me promote psych safety in sport
1. organizational culture
2. coaching behaviours and relationships
3. leadership behaviours
4. social interaction
98
organizational culture
Clarity of roles, promotes diversity, views youth positively
99
Coaching Behaviours and Relationships
Adaptive behaviours, promotes athlete well-being, trust in coach
100
Leadership Behaviours
Positive role models, fair and ethical, inclusive
101
social interaction
sense of belonging and relatedness
102
thriving =
development + success
KNPE 363
flashcards
Decks in class (11)
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