Week 9- Intelligence

Question 1

What is crystallized intelligence?

Answer 1

ability to use skills, knowledge and experience (it does not equate to memory but uses it), knowledge that we get overtime

Question 2

What is fluid intelligence?

Answer 2

how you deal with novel situations, how quickly you can process new information, does not depend on book-learning, its necessary for all logical problem-solving

Question 3

How is intelligence measured?

Answer 3

Binet test, Modern test

Question 4

Explain the Binet intelligence test.

Answer 4

• interested in identifying which elementary school students were in need of extra help
• Series of increasingly difficult tasks (everyday problems and basic reasoning problems)
• trying to measure something close to fluid intelligence
• Mental age vs. chronological age
• chronological age minus mental age
• > Negative number or 0 = they’re fine
• > Positive number: flagged for help

Question 5

Modern intelligence testing: Explain the Standford-Binet test

Answer 5

• intelligence quotient: ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100
• > If 100 or higher = you’re fine
• > If under 100 = need help
• Verbal (basically crystallized intelligence) and non-verbal (fluid intelligence) components
• Examples verbal (5 subtests): Vocab, verbal concept formation, verbally reason, influence by information you have picked up on
• Examples non-verbal (10 subtests): Perceptual reasoning (ex: picture completion), processing speed (ex: get a code, fill in code for other set), working memory (ex: digit span task)

Question 6

We expect about __ % of people to have normal intelligence. (100, plus or mins 15)

Answer 6

68

Question 7

Are IQ tests reliable and valid?

Answer 7

• test-retest reliability r’s = .65 to .80 (indicating very little movement in basic IQ overtime)
• stability increases with increasing age
• but: large fluctuations do happen (special advantage/disadvantage in life)
  ex: New Zealand Longitudinal Study: measured their IQ from age 7-17 every 2 years and found that it was similar but in about 10% of the population, the IQ score would change about 15 points and in 13% of the sample, there could be major changes over longer periods like 4 years

Question 8

Is intelligence inheritable?

Answer 8

• huge political/economic debate in the U.S.: Should we have a program to help them reach their full potential?
• if IQ is fully heritable, then social programs not needed
• if IQ depends on experience, then social programs must be instituted (i.e., paid for!)

Question 9

What is the psychometric theory of intelligence?

Answer 9

a hierarchy of general and specific skills

Question 10

Data supporting heritability of intelligence: Bouchard, explain the Minnesota Twin Study:

Answer 10

• MZT, MZA, DZT and DZA, siblings, adopting siblings
• no significant difference between MZT and MZA
• MZT > MZA > DZT > S > AS

Question 11

Data supporting effects of environmental factors on intelligence: Bouchard, explain his study about adopted kids.

Answer 11

-intelligence was more similar in kids and their adoptive parents than kids and their biological parents

Question 12

Effect of Genes Increases with ___

Answer 12

age

Question 13

What are the nine intelligences in Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?

Answer 13

linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential

Question 14

What is emotional intelligence?

Answer 14

ability to use one’s own and others’ emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily

Question 15

What is Steinberg’s theory of successful intelligence?

Answer 15

use of analytic, creative, and practical abilities to pursue personal goals

Question 16

What are culture-fair intelligence tests?

Answer 16

test items based on experiences common to many cultures

Question 17

What is the stereotype threat?

Answer 17

knowledge of stereotypes leads to anxiety and reduced performance consistent with the original stereotype