List the three overarching themes regarding intelligence
- the capacity to learn
- the total knowledge a person has acquired
- successful adaptation to new situations/environments
Briefly describe Spearman’s theory of intelligence
- concerned with underlying intelligence structure
- heavy use of FA
- intelligence consists of a general factor used to perform mental tests and numerous specific factors
List Thurstone’s 7 mental abilities
- verbal comprehension
- verbal fluency
- inductive reasoning
- spatial visualisation
- number
- memory
- perceptual speed
Fluid intelligence
- non verbal
- culture reduced
- a person’s inherent capacity to learn and problem solve
Crystallised intelligence
- develops through the use of fluid intelligence
- culturally dependant
- used for tasks requiring learning or habitual response
How does crystallised intelligence progress
Declines or tapers in late adulthood
How does fluid intelligence progress
Declines in early adulthood
What are the defining characteristics of Gardner’s model?
- potential isolation by brain damage
- existence of savant individuals
- identifiable core information processing operations
- distinctive developmental history
List Gardner’s dimensions
- linguistic
- logical-mathematical
- spatial
- musical
- bodily-kinaesthetic
- interpersonal (relating to others)
- intrapersonal (relating to self)
- naturalistic
- spiritual
What is the main difference between the intelligence quotient and the deviation IQ?
The intelligence quotient is mental age / actual age x 100, and is not useful past the age of 17. Deviation IQ can be used for adults and revolves around how much IQ deviates from the mean of 100.
Preformationism
All living organisms are preformed at birth
Predeterminism
Abilities are predetermined by genetic inheritance; the genes for your intelligence level are set, and develop only to this level
What kind of perinatal influences may affect intelligence (nurture)
- maternal health during pregnancy
- birth process
- gestation e.g stress
- birth weight
How may education effect intelligence
- quality/type of education
- number of years of school
- older generations spend less time in education system
Thurstone’s verbal comprehension
Vocab, reading, comprehension and verbal analogies
Thurstone’s verbal fluency
Measured by anagram, or quickly naming words in a category
Thurstone’s inductive reasoning
The best measure involves finding a rule as in a number series completion test, or in drawing analogies
Thurstone’s spatial visualisation
Mental manipulation of visuospatial material
Thurstone’s number
Synonymous with the speed and accuracy of simple commutation and math problem solving
Thurstone’s memory
Skill at rote memory tasks such as paired associate learning picture and word recall
Thurstone’s perceptual speed
Simple clerical tasks such as visual ‘spot the difference’ or visual search
Stability of children’s IQ
Remains stable after 5 years, but can change
Factors that can affect IQ change
- development growth
- environmental factors
- diversity in learning experiences
- parent-child dynamics
Factors that influence the stability of intelligence test performance
- invariance of genetic factors
- cumulative nature of intelligence development
- environmental stability
- sequential nature of learning
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Week 1: Introductions20
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Week 2: Trait Models63
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Week 3: Cognitive-Behavioural Perspective65
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Week 4: Freud and post-Freudian theorists51
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Week 5: Humanistic theories37
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Week 6: Psych Assessment/Post-Freudian59
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Week 7: Ethics and Professional Issues35
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Week 11 and 12: Reliability and Validity52
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Week 8: Personality Assessment34
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Week 9: Intelligence Testing43
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Week 10: Measurement Error33
