Two factors that can detrimentally affect our patient’s memory.
- Encoding (formation)
2. Consolidation
What are the two dimensions of classification for memory?
- Nature of the information stored (multiple memory systems)
- Time course of storage (multi-store model)
Declarative (explicit) memory consists of:
- Semantic memory
2. Episodic memory
What type of memory involves knowing facts about the world around you?
Semantic memory
What type of memory has the capacity to re-experience an event in the context in which it originally occurred and requires additional brain areas?
Episodic memory
What region of the brain mediates declarative memory?
medial temporal region, including hippocampus, amygdala, and hippocampal gyrus
Procedural (implicit) memory is:
- encompasses habits and motor behaviors
- recalled without conscious effort
- assessed through testing of motor skills
The multi-store model of memory proposes that memory is comprised of the following 3 components:
- sensory register
- short-term (working) memory
- long-term storage
Sensory register (aka somatosensory memory) has the following features:
- large, almost limitless, capacity
- very short duration (250-1000 ms) that is long enough to perceive stimuli
- ability to be discarded without selective attention (brain filters out unnecessary inputs, moves attended information to working memory)
Selective attention works between which two components of the multi-store model?
sensory register and working (short-term) memory
Working (short-term) memory features:
- plays active role in processing of conscious thoughts
- small, limited capacity (7+ items)
- brief duration (20-30 sec) that is lost without rehearsal
- chunking (grouping items to make larger collections in memory & identifying relationships between items)
Long-term memory features:
- relatively limitless capacity for rehearsed items
- possibly lifelong duration
- forgetting possible due to different types of interference or retrieval failure
- different types of information stored (declarative & non-declarative)
What are the 3 stages of memory formation?
- Encoding
- Consolidation
- Storage
encoding (def)
memory representation formed
rehearsal (def)
transform representation from working memory to long-term storage
consolidation (def)
memory becomes more permanent
stabilization (def)
maintenance of motor skill performance off-line without practice; not dependent on sleep
enhancement (def)
improvement in performance of a skill off-line; sleep dependent
storage (def)
maintenance of memory over time
reactivation (def)
memory brought out of storage for use
People are susceptible to interference and/or performance deterioration _________
While memory formation occurs, but before consolidation has occurred.
Encoding is (fast/slow) learning?
FAST LEARNING
- formation of the memory trace during active practice of task
- defined by rehearsal in working memory
- highly influenced by selective attention and active problem solving
Fast learning can also be called _____.
Within-session learning
What happens during fast learning in the encoding stage?
- learner processes relevant information about task
- makes associations between goal, movement, and movement outcome
- feedback used to modulate further responses
- manipulation of practice environment will influence cognitive processing (ex. random vs blocked practice)
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Week 1 - Intro to Motor Learning and Motor Control (Motor skill classification systems)25
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Week 9 - Memory & Motor Learning39
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Week 7 - Info Processing in Motor Learning and Control25
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Week 3 - AEP Measurement of learning and performance27
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Week 6 - Augmented Feedback in Motor Learning21
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Week 3 - Learning concepts53
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Week 5 - Engineering practice ( Practice schedules)0
