sources of motivation
physiological- this motivation is necessary for survival
cognitions- motivation derived from cognitions such as intellectual challenge
emotional- avoiding pain and seeking pleasure
social- meeting the need of socialising
What the 6 factors ryff
- positive relations with others
- environmental mastery
- autonomy
- personal growth
- purpose in life
- self acceptance
describe the 6 factors
- positive relations with others- self actualised people find it important to have genuine empathetic relations with others
- environmental mastery- manipulating the surroundings to best suit individual
- autonomy- people seek personal evaluation from themselves not others
- personal growth- using past and present experiences to continually develop
- purpose in life- people re-evaluate the intention and direction of their life
- self acceptance- people acknowledge their strengths and weaknesses as well as past decisions and behaviours
strengths of Ryffs theory
- model is theory based and is supported by the psychological wellbeing scale she created
- this model covers multiple dimensions of wellbeing
limitations of Ryffs theory
- does not account for other factors that influence wellbeing
- strong emphasis on positive aspects not negative aspects and does not address how to cope with adversity
what is the subjective wellbeing model
mix of positive and negative emotions and overall emotional and cognitive assessment of life
what are the key factors of SWB
positive affect
negative affect
infrequent negative affect
frequent positive affet
life satisfaction
what the key components of SDT
competence- need for feeling capable and effective
autonomy- need for feeling in control of their lives
relatedness- need for close affectionate relations
what causes individual differences according to SDT
(3 causality orientations)
autonomous: all 3 basic needs satisfied CAR
controlled: competence and relatedness satisfied
impersonal: none of the needs satisfied
what are the components of the self determination continuum?
amotivation- no motivation
extrinsic
external regulation- fuelled by compliance, rewards and punishment
introjected regulation- fuelled by self control, ego involvement and internal reward and punishment
identified regulation- fuelled by personal importance and conscious valuing
integrated regulation- synthesis with self and awareness
intrinsic motivation- fuelled by enjoyment, interest and inherent satisfaction
what are the original level of Maslows
- physiological- food, water, shelter
- safety and security- health, family, order
- love and belonging- friendship, family, connection
- esteem- respect from others, achievement, confidence
- self actualisation- creativity, spontaneity, meaning to life
traits of self actualisation
- creative
- strong morality
- objective view on life
- spontaneity
what were the other levels added to maslows
aesthetics- beauty, balance
cognitive- knowledge, understanding, challenge
transcendence- spirituality, helping others
what are growth needs and what on the hierarchy are growth needs
needs that stem from need for reaching ones full potential that once met act as motivation to continue meeting them
- cognitive needs
- aesthetic needs
- self actualisation
- transcendance
what are deficiency needs and what on the hierarchy are deficiency needs
needs that stem from survival that people are motivated to meet due to their absence
- physiological
- safety
- love and belonging
- esteem
characteristics of low and high of the 6 factors
- autonomy
low- is concerned with society’s view on them and conforms easily
high- feels in control of their own choices and is independent
2.self acceptance
low- is concerned by parts of their character and has low self esteem
high- is accepting of good and bad characteristics and has high self esteem
3.postive relations
low- unwilling to compromise and has difficulty with caring for others
high- understands balance in relations and is empathetic - personal growth
low- feels stagnant due to lack of improvement and Is unmotivated to better themselves
high- has sense of continual improvement and reflects on past experience to grow - environmental mastery
low- feels unable to manipulate surroundings and finds little control in environment
high- confident in manipulating surroundings and makes most of situations they are in - purpose in life
low- feels lack of purpose and does not set goal or reflect
high- believes past and present life is meaningful and sets life goals
