What is wheel camber?
The angle between the vertical and the plane of rotation of the wheel
A compensating parameter that helps keep the wheel in contact with the road.
If the wheel camber designation is negative, the upper part of the wheel is directed __________.
towards the inside of the car body
A positive camber value indicates the wheel is directed outward.
What is wheel toe-in?
The angle between the direction of movement and the plane of rotation of the wheel
It is measured in millimeters or degrees.
Why are wheels toed-in?
To compensate for forces and moments associated with rolling resistance
These forces try to turn the wheel out during movement.
True or false: The toe-in of the wheels should ideally change as the loads on them increase.
TRUE
However, in practice, this is extremely difficult to apply.
What is the opposite parameter to toe-in?
Toe-out
Used in sports cars where increased control sensitivity is required.
What is the wheel castor angle (Caster)?
The angle between the vertical and the projection of the axis of rotation of the wheel on the longitudinal plane of the machine
Necessary for better vehicle stabilization while driving.
What does the caster angle help with in vehicle dynamics?
Stabilization of the steered wheels
It helps resist deviation from the neutral position and return to it after external forces cease.
What is Kingpin inclination (KPI)?
The angle between the vertical and the projection of the wheel axis of rotation on the transverse plane of the vehicle
Introduced to stabilize the steering wheel at low speeds.
What happens to the body of the car when the wheels are turned due to Kingpin inclination?
The body rises
This creates additional forces that tend to return the wheels to their original position.
Why do the steered wheels of the car cover different distances while turning?
To avoid moving out of the trajectory
Ensures that the inner wheel turns at a greater angle relative to the outer wheel.
What is wheel camber?
The angle between the vertical and the plane of rotation of the wheel
A compensating parameter that helps keep the wheel in contact with the road.
If the wheel camber designation is negative, the upper part of the wheel is directed __________.
towards the inside of the car body
A positive camber value indicates the wheel is directed outward.
What is wheel toe-in?
The angle between the direction of movement and the plane of rotation of the wheel
It is measured in millimeters or degrees.
Why are wheels toed-in?
To compensate for forces and moments associated with rolling resistance
These forces try to turn the wheel out during movement.
True or false: The toe-in of the wheels should ideally change as the loads on them increase.
TRUE
However, in practice, this is extremely difficult to apply.
What is the opposite parameter to toe-in?
Toe-out
Used in sports cars where increased control sensitivity is required.
What is the wheel castor angle (Caster)?
The angle between the vertical and the projection of the axis of rotation of the wheel on the longitudinal plane of the machine
Necessary for better vehicle stabilization while driving.
What does the caster angle help with in vehicle dynamics?
Stabilization of the steered wheels
It helps resist deviation from the neutral position and return to it after external forces cease.
What is Kingpin inclination (KPI)?
The angle between the vertical and the projection of the wheel axis of rotation on the transverse plane of the vehicle
Introduced to stabilize the steering wheel at low speeds.
What happens to the body of the car when the wheels are turned due to Kingpin inclination?
The body rises
This creates additional forces that tend to return the wheels to their original position.
Why do the steered wheels of the car cover different distances while turning?
To avoid moving out of the trajectory
Ensures that the inner wheel turns at a greater angle relative to the outer wheel.
