When Things Go Wrong with the Immune System pt. 1

Question 1

Autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in..

Answer 1

women

Question 2

Two factors contributing to immune dysregulation

Answer 2

Genetic factors and infection, environments exposure.

Question 3

Correlation between thymus involution and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis are

Answer 3

inversely correlated.

Question 4

Examples of mechanisms contributing to imm. self-tolerance

Answer 4

• Neg. selection of B-cells in bone marrow.
• Expression of tissue-specific proteins in thymus so that they participate in negative selcetion of T cells.
• Negative selection of T cells in thymus
• Exlusion of lymphocytes from immunopriviliged tissues
• Anergy in autoreactive B and T cells
• Supression by reg. T cells

Question 5

True/false. Many immune mechanism can contribute to autoimmune diseases

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Defects in cytokine production and signaling can cause what?

Answer 6

Autoimmunity

Question 7

Sex difference in incidence of autoimmune diseases

Answer 7

Wide difference in incidence between sexes for different diseases

Question 8

Autoimmune manifestion

Answer 8

Immune response targets host cells and tissues. Antigens can’t be cleared, antigenic stimulation persists and expands the immune response

Question 9

Type II hypersensitivity

Answer 9

Antibodies are made against cell-surface or matrix antigens.

Question 10

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer 10

Antibodies bindss and opsonizes erythrocytes

Question 11

Type II sensitivity

Answer 11

Formation of immune complexes

Question 12

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 12

Complexes made by response against DNA, histones, ribosomes.

Question 13

Pregnancy causes biases towards which T-cell response

Answer 13

Th2

Question 14

Pregnancy can affect autoimmune diseases how?

Answer 14

Aggravate Th2 conditions but alleviate Th1 conditions.

Question 15

Intermolecular epitope spreading

Answer 15

T cell is activated by host histone protein. H1 specific B cell presents H1 peptide and is helped by H1 specific T cell. Other parts of H1 are presented to other T cells, expanding number of self-reactive T and B cells.

Question 16

Type IV

Answer 16

T-cell mediated disease - targeting by T CD8 cells.

Question 17

Multiple sclerosis.

Answer 17

Example of type IV disease.

Question 18

Grave’s disease

Answer 18

Antibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.

Question 19

T cell mediated autoimmunity

Answer 19

Anergized T cells or Treg suppressed T cells escape and become activated.

Question 20

Treg mediated suppression requires what?

Answer 20

Interaction with the same APC

Question 21

Cross-reactive antibodies.

Answer 21

Antibodies created against something react with self antigens.

Question 22

How har priviliged sites suppressing immune response?

Answer 22

By keeping antigens in the tissue.

Question 23

Inter-linkage of autoimmune disease

Answer 23

Autoimmune disease often results in higher prevalence of other diseases.

Question 24

HLA heterogeneity means what for autoimmune disease?

Answer 24

Higher risk

Question 25

DR3 and DR4 haplotypes of HLA can increase risk of

Answer 25

Type 1 diabetes

Question 26

TLR alteration

Answer 26

Can increase susceptibility of autoimmune disease

Question 27

Role of infections

Answer 27

Some infections can increase risk because of cross reactive antigens.

Question 28

Compromized gut barrier can mean what?

Answer 28

Facilitation of autoimmunity.