Winemaking Process

Question 1

What 3 things do Oak Vessels (Barrels) contribute to wine?

Answer 1

1. flavour
2. oxygen
3. softer tannins

Question 2

What are the 3 main Features of Stainless Steel and Concrete (inert vessels)?

Answer 2

1. fermentation and storage
2. no flavour added
3. can be airtight

Question 3

What are the 5 winemaking steps for the production of Red Wine?

Answer 3

1. crushing
2. alcoholic fermentation
3. pressing
4. storage or maturation
5. packaging

Question 4

State the key stages of the alcoholic fermentation process.

Answer 4

• Yeast converts sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Describe the 10 ways in which winemaking options can influence the style and quality of wine produced.

Answer 5

1. Adjustments: Addition of sugar, adjustment to acidity
2. Fermentation temperatures: Cool, warm
3. Red wine: Extraction
4. Rosé wine: Short maceration, blending
5. Sweet wine: Fermentation stopped, sweetness added
6. Vessel types: Stainless steel, concrete, oak
7. Oak vessel types: Small, large, new, old, level of toast
8. Malolactic conversion
9. Lees
10. Blending: Consistency, complexity, style

Question 6

Identify the key changes that occur to a wine during bottle ageing (Red and White Wine).

Answer 6

• Red wine: Color, tannin, aromas and flavours
• White wine: Color, aromas and flavours

Question 7

What 3 things does a wine need to age?

Answer 7

1. flavour concentration
2. flavours that can develop in a positive way
3. high acid, tannin or sugar

Question 8

What are the 5 winemaking steps for the production of White Wine?

Answer 8

1. crushing
2. pressing
3. alcoholic fermentation
4. storage or maturation
5. packaging

Question 9

Name 2 other Oak Alternatives to Oak Barrels.

Answer 9

1. oak staves
2. oak chips

Question 10

What are the results of Malolactic Conversion in the winemaking process?

Answer 10

• lower acidity
• secondary flavours:
  
  • butter
  • cream

Question 11

What results do aging on the Lees (sur lie) have on the winemaking process?

Answer 11

• more body
• secondary flavours:
  
  • bread
  • pastry

Question 12

What 3 Methods may be used in the making of Sweet Wines?

Answer 12

1. concentration of grape sugars
2. stopping the fermentation
   
   • removing the yeast
   • killing the yeast
3. adding sweetness

Question 13

What are the 5 winemaking steps for the production of Rosé Wine?

Answer 13

1. crushing
2. alcoholic fermentation
3. draining
4. storage
5. packaging

Question 14

Name 3 reasons for the Blending of Wine.

Answer 14

1. style
2. consistency
3. complexity