Workshops etc

Question 1

What are the 12 allied health professions

Answer 1

Art Therapists, Drama Therapists, Music Therapists
Occupational Therapists
Physiotherapists
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiographers
Speech and Language Therapists
Orthotists and Prosthetists
Orthoptics
Podiatrists
Dieticians
Paramedics

Question 2

What is the earliest sign of RA on X-ray

Answer 2

Osteopenia - thinning of the bone around the joint

Question 3

What scans might you use to diagnose RA

Answer 3

X-ray

MRI or US - depending on joint being checked

Question 4

What signs may appear on X-ray in late stage RA

Answer 4

Erosions

Joint deformity

Question 5

Which blood condition is commonly seen in inflammatory disease

Answer 5

Mild anaemia

Question 6

What is first line treatment for RA

Answer 6

DMARD

Always methotrexate unless contraindicated

Question 7

Which cancer do biologic drugs increase the risk of

Answer 7

Skin

Question 8

What must you counsel patients on when starting methotrexate

Answer 8

Sun protection
Pregnancy - must stop at least 3 months before trying to conceive
Lung symptoms - methotrexate can cause pneumonitis
Screen for TB risk

Question 9

How is the complement system affected in lupus

Answer 9

Serum levels of components fall

Question 10

What kidney signs may be present with lupus

Answer 10

Early - = high protein: creatine ratio in urine

Later = raised urea and creatine

Question 11

What may be a cause of Raynaud’s in older men

Answer 11

Hand/arm vibration syndrome
Caused by manual work with power tools
Ask about occupation

Question 12

How do you treat Raynaud’s

Answer 12

Vasodilators
Calcium channel blockers
Sildenafil - Viagra

Question 13

What is a gibbus

Answer 13

Angular deformity of bone (spine?)

Question 14

What pathologies can be caused by a cervical rib

Answer 14

Nerve or vascular impingement

Question 15

What are the symptoms of vascular impingement in the upper limb

Answer 15

Intermittent tingling

Numbness in the arm and or hand

Question 16

Why do you check chest expansion in the spinal exam

Answer 16

To check for ankylosing spondylitis

Will be reduced in this condition

Question 17

What causes muscle wasting

Answer 17

Nerve insufficiency

Lack of use

Question 18

What is a Baker’s cyst

Answer 18

An outpouching of the synovium appearing as a fluid filled sack
Seen in arthritis

Question 19

What are the symptoms of a ruptured Baker’s cyst

Answer 19

Severe pain behind knee

Swollen calf as fluid has drained down

Question 20

What is an antalgic gait

Answer 20

Altered walk in attempt to reduce pain or avoid painful limb
E.g. limp in order to reduce time on sore limb

Question 21

What condition is a shuffling gait associated with

Answer 21

Parkinson’s

Question 22

Which tests are used to look for effusion in the knee

Answer 22

Gutter sweep - smaller effusions

Patellar tap - larger ones

Question 23

When would you get patellar apprehension

Answer 23

Unstable joints

Location of previous dislocation

Question 24

What is Lachman’s test

Answer 24

Tests the ACL
You clamp hand on femur and pull the tibia upwards 3 time
Should have no or very slight movement if ACL intact

Question 25

What does Steinman's test check for

Answer 25

Meniscus tears

Question 26

Which shoulder movements are less important to test

Answer 26

Adduction and extension | Not hugely functional

Question 27

Why might internal rotation of the shoulder be asymmetrical in a normal patient

Answer 27

May be less movement in the dominant hand due to increased musculature

Question 28

Which of the 4 rotator cuff muscles isn't really tested in the shoulder exam

Answer 28

Teres minor

Question 29

What type of pathology could be expected if active movement doesn't happen but passive can

Answer 29

Most likely extraarticular Muscle pain or weakness You can move their arm but cant do it themselves

Question 30

What will give you a positive Thomas' test

Answer 30

Any condition that causes hip stiffening | e.g. OA

Question 31

What can cause a locked knee

Answer 31

ACL or bucket handle tear of the meniscus

Question 32

How do you treat adult presentation DDH

Answer 32

Joint replacement or osteotomy

Question 33

On x-ray what does the hanging rope sign indicate

Answer 33

Perthes disease

Question 34

Why is DDH more common in women

Answer 34

Pregnant women produce relaxin to prepare for birth, female babies have the receptors for this hormone so can cause laxity in them

Question 35

What is the difference between dislocation and subluxation

Answer 35

• Subluxation is still in partial contact with a joint and dislocation is completely out of joint

Question 36

What is another name for trigger finger

Answer 36

stenosing tenosynovitis

Question 37

What is a watershed area of a tendon

Answer 37

Area with poorer blood supply and therefore less oxygen, predisposing them to pathology

Question 38

What are some side effects of steroid injections

Answer 38

Depigmentation | Atrophy

Question 39

The younger the child the greater the remodelling potential - true or false

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What type of deformity will remodelling not fix

Answer 40

Rotational deformities