Define expository writing
Writing in which the authors purpose is to INFORM or EXPLAIN the subject
Diagraph:
pair of letters that are combined to represent a single sound
Morphemes:
Smallest unit of meaning in a word
Syntax:
The way words are arranged to make sense
Phonemic awareness:
Words you HEAR and understand
Pragmatics:
Social rules of language/unspoken communication
Steps of 2nd language acquisition
- Silent period
- Early production
- Speech emergence
- Intermediate fluency
- Advanced fluency
Language Acquisition theories
- Behaviorist (imitation & reinforcement)
- Nativist (born with innate capacity)
- Interactionist (nature & nurture)
Language theorists:
- Cummins - personal language develops quickly, academic is slower
- Crashen - challenged to learn
Echo reading as a strategy for ELL: WHY?
Helps with pronunciation and fluency.
Phonemic Awareness strategy for struggling readers
sound blending, sound segmenting
Teaching Phonemic Awareness:
- Sound isolation (“b” in bat)
- Sound blending (b/a/t = bat)
- Sound segmenting (bat = b/a/t)
Assessing Phonemic Awareness
- segmentation/Yopp-Singer Test
- sound blending
- sound isolation
- start with most difficult and work backwards.
How to differentiate between ELL/struggling/advanced readers:
- struggling: focus on skills blending & segmentation
- ELL: teach the phonemes that don’t exist in leaners first language
- advanced: increase pace, build on current skills
Strategy: building word blending skills. WHY?
Helps child visually see compound words
Strategy: building word blending skills. Difficulty:
child is having difficulty reading multisyllabic words
Strategy: building syllable blending skills. WHY?
Helps student put multisyllabic words together
Echo reading as a strategy for ELL: Difficulty:
Student struggles with fluency and comprehension.
Parts of speech:
category of words with similar grammatical properties (nouns, verbs, adjectives)
Preposition:
words that express spatial distance
Sentence Structures
1.Simple: 1 independent clause, no dep. clause
2.Compound: 2 indep. clauses, probably no dep. clause
3.Complex: 1 or more dependent clause
Stages of learning to read
- Logographic - recognizing symbols
- Phonetic - matching sounds to letters
- Decoding
- Reading for meaning
- academic reading (texts)
Reading/Writing instructional strategies
- Mnemonics (creative memorization techniques)
- Interactive lessons vs. drilling
Iambic Pentameter
A poem who’s rhythm is arranged in 10 syllables per line
