WSET WINE 1 > WSET WINE 1 > Flashcards

WSET WINE 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the main parts of a grape and what they contain

A

1- skin (color, tannin)
2- pulp (water, sugar, acid)

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2
Q

Name the key stages in the annual cycle of grape growing

A

Flowering (spring), flowers become grapes, grapes ripen (summer), grapes are picked in late summer

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3
Q

Grape ripening process

A

1- grapes swell with water
2- sugar levels in grapes rise
3- acid levels in grapes fall
4- flavors become riper
5- white grapes change from green to golden
6- black grapes change from green to purple

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4
Q

The skin of a grape contains

A

tannins

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5
Q

Tannins can make your mouth feel

A

dry

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6
Q

The skin of white grapes have a ________ color

A

golden

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7
Q

The pulp of a grape is _____ and _______

A

soft; fleshy

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8
Q

The color of the pulp is the same or different depending on the color of the grapes skin

A

the same

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9
Q

What does the pulp contain?

A

grape juice

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10
Q

Grape juice is mostly made of

A

water, sugar, acid

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11
Q

In order for the alcoholic fermentation process to take place, _________ are required

A

yeast

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12
Q

What is yeast

A

microscopic organisms that eat sugar and covert it into alcohol and carbon dioxide gas

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13
Q

What is the “equation” for the alcholic fermentation process

A

sugar + yeast —> alcohol/fermentation —> alcohol + carbon dioxide

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14
Q

The level of alcohol within a wine is usually measured as

A

alcohol by volume (abv)

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15
Q

What is wine?

A

Fermented grape juice

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16
Q

Where do grapes grow?

A

In places with the correct amount of sunlight, heat, and water
(30-50 degrees from the equator)

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17
Q

Cool climate regions include

A

Germany and Northern France

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18
Q

Grapes can ________ to ripen at all in cool climate regions

A

struggle

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19
Q

In cool climate regions it is common to grow _________ grapes

A

white

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20
Q

Warm climate regions include

A

Parts of Australia and Parts of California

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21
Q

In warm climate regions it is common to grow ______ grapes

A

black

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22
Q

What happens to sugar and acidity levels in grapes in colder regions?

A

lower levels of sugar
higher levels of acidity

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23
Q

What happens to sugar and acidity levels in grapes in warmer regions?

A

higher sugar levels
lower acidity levels

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24
Q

What are the requirements for alcoholic fermentation?

A

sugar and yeast

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25
What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?
alcohol and carbon dioxide
26
What grapes are used to make white wines?
white
27
What are the stages of making white wine?
crushing pressing fermentation maturation bottling
28
What are the stages of making red and rose wine?
crushing fermentation draining pressing maturation bottling
28
What grapes are used to make red wines?
Black
29
What types of grapes are used to make rose wines?
black
30
How many types of wine are there?
3
31
What are the three types of wine?
Still, Sparkling, and Fortified
32
What ABV are still wines usually?
between 8-15% ABV
33
What are examples of STILL wines?
Sancerre and Burgundy from France Rioja from Spain Chianti from Italy
34
What is the fizz in sparkling wines caused by?
Carbon dioxide gas that is produced by fermentation and trapped in the wine
35
What are examples of SPARKLING wine?
Champagne from France Cava from Spain Prosecco from Italy
36
What makes FORTIFIED wines different from Still and Sparkling?
They have extra alcohol added to them which makes them a higher ABV
37
What ABV range are fortified wines?
15-22% ABV
38
What are examples of FORTIFIED wines?
Sherry from Spain Port from Portugal
39
What makes up the style of a wine?
A combination of color, structural characteristics, and aromas/flavor
40
How is the color of a wine determined?
By the grape variety used as well as the way it is made
41
What are examples of white wines?
Chablis from France and Wines made from the Riesling Grape
42
Is it possible to make white wine from black grapes?
yes
43
How do you make a white wine from black grapes?
The skins are separated from the juice before fermentation
44
Can red wine be made from white grapes?
no
45
What are examples of red wine?
Rioja from Spain Wine made from the Cabernet Sauvignon grape
46
Rose wines are made from _______ grapes
black
47
What is an example of rose wine?
White Zinfandel
48
What is sweetness caused by?
the presence of sugar in the wine
49
Do dry wines have sugar?
no OR very low levels
50
Sweet wines have a ______ level of sugar
high
51
Are the majority of wines sweet or dry?
dry
52
How do you make dry wine?
the yeast need to convert all of the sugar in the grape to alcohol
53
What are examples of dry wines?
Chablis from France Wines made from Sauvignon Blanc
54
What are examples of dry red wine?
Cotes du Rhone from France Chianti from Italy Wines made from Cabernet Sauvignon
55
What are the two ways of making a wine with a medium level of sweetness?
1- the yeast are removed before all of the sugar is converted to alcohol 2- unfermented grape juice is added to a dry wine
56
What are examples of a wine with medium level of sweetness?
some Riesling wines from Germany and white zinfandel (rose) from California
57
What are the two key ways to make a sweet wine?
1- the grapes are so high in sugar the yeast stop fermenting before they eat all the sugar 2- for fortified wines, the yeast are killed by the addition of high-strength distilled alcohol before they have eaten all of the sugar
58
What are examples of sweet wine?
Sauternes from France some riesling wines from Germany
59
Sweet FORTIFIED wines include
Port and some Sherries
60
What are notable structural characteristics of wines?
sweetness acidity tannin alcohol body
61
Where does acidity in wine come from?
the grape juice
62
What are examples of wines with high acidity?
Chablis, Chianti, and wines made from Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Cabernet Sauvignon or Pinot Noir
63
Is acid important in sweet wines?
yes
64
Tannin is only in ________ wines
red
65
Where does tannin come from?
the skins of the grape
66
Examples of wines with high tannin are
Red Bordeaux from France Chianti from Italy
67
Examples of wines with low tannin are
Beaujolais from France and some wines from Pinot Noir
68
Example of a wine with high level of alcohol is
Chateauneuf-du-Pape from France
69
Example of wine with low level of alcohol
White Zinfandel from California
70
Body describes how
the wine feels in your mouth
71
full-bodied wines feel
viscous and mouth filling
72
Light bodied wines feel
delicate
73
Examples of light bodied wines include
Pinot Grigio from Italy, and Beaujolais
74
Examples of medium bodied wines
Sancerre and Cotes du Rhone
75
Examples of full bodied wines
Cabernet Sauvignon from California and Sauternes
76
In cool climates, Chardonnay wines are ______ in acidity, ________ to _________ bodied, and have _______ and ______ aromas
high light to medium green fruit (apple) and citrus
77
In warm climates, Chardonnay wines have _____ acidity, a ________ to ________ body, with _____________ and _____________ flavors
medium medium to full stone fruit (peach) and tropical fruit (pineapple, banana) flavors
78
Chardonnay is the grape used for the _____ wines of where in France?
white Burgundy
79
The Chardonnay from Burgundy, France are described how?
medium body high acidity aromas of citrus and stone fruit may have vanilla notes from maturation in oak barrels
80
The Chardonnay wines from Chablis (the coldest part of Burgundy) are described as how?
High acidity light to medium body Green fruits and citrus flavors typically unoaked also made in Australia and California
81
Chardonnay can also be used for
Champagne (blended with Pinot Noir)
82
Sauvignon Blanc is described as how?
dry wine high acidity light to medium body aromas of green fruit to citrus to tropical tend to have herbacious notes fermented in stainless steel
83
What are the places where Sauvignon Blanc is popular?
New Zealand and Sancerre from France
84
Describe Pinot Grigio
medium to high acidity light body pear and lemon flavors fermented in stainless steel tanks
85
Where is Pinot Grigio mostly associated with?
Italy (but also grown in other places)
86
Describe Riesling
range from dry to sweet high levels of acidity range from floral, green fruits, citrus, stone fruits light to medium body fermented in stainless steel tanks
87
Where is dry to sweet Riesling produced?
Germany
88
Where are dry Riesling's produced?
Alsace, France Australia
89
Describe Cabernet Sauvignon
dry wine high level of tannin and acidity medium to full body aromas/flavors of black fruits, often matured in oak
90
Due to Cabernet Sauvignon's high level of tannins...
it is often blended with other grape varieties (Merlot in Bordeaux) so it adds a softness and body to the blend In Australia also could be blended with Shiraz
91
Where is Cabernet Sauvignon grown
California, Australia, Chile, and South Africa
92
Describe Merlot
dry wine medium to full body medium acidity and tannins red fruits to black fruit flavors matured in oak (vanilla)
93
Where is Merlot grown
Chile and California (soft, fruity) Bordeaux is the most famous region for Merlot-Cabernet Sauvignon blends
94
Describe Pinot Noir
dry wine light to medium body low to medium tannin high acidity red fruit matured in oak
95
Pinot Noir is the principle black grape of where?
New Zealand
96
Pinot Noir can be used to make
Champagne when mixed with Chardonnay also used for RED Burgundy
97
Describe Syrah/Shiraz
Syrah - France Shiraz - Australia dry wine medium to full body medium to high tannin medium acidity black fruits, spice, matured in oak
98
The Northern Rhone in France can produce what type of Syrah/Shiraz
medium bodied fresh black fruit black pepper aromas
99
Shiraz from Australia can produce
(warm regions) full bodied jammy black fruit and liquorice flavors
100
Champagne
French sparkling wine made from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir dry, high acid, green fruits & citrus
101
Sancerre
dry medium bodied French White Wine unoaked high acidity green fruit and herbs made from Sauvignon Blanc
102
Chablis
French white wine dry light to medium body unoaked high acidity green fruit citrus made from Chardonnay
103
Burgundy
Burgundy region in France white OR red white are made from Chardonnay oaked or unoaked dry medium body red are made from Pinot Noir and are dry low to medium tannins light to medium bodied high acidity
104
Bordeaux
Bordeaux region in France most often red high acidity and tannin dry medium to full body black fruits and cedar typically a blend of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
105
Prosecco
light body sparkling wine from Italy green fruit and floral dry or medium in sweetness
106
Cava
dry sparkling wine from Spain green fruit and citrus
107
White Zinfandel
rose from California unoaked low alcohol medium sweetness red fruit
108
Beaujolais
dry light bodied red wine from France unoaked red fruit low tannin
109
Cotes du Rhone
dry medium body red wine from France red fruit oaked or unoaked
110
Chianti
Italian red wine medium body high tannin high acidity red fruit dried herb
111
Rioja
red wine from Spain dry medium to full body red fruit and vanilla
112
Chateauneuf-du-Pape
high alcohol red wine from France dry full body red fruit and clove from oak
113
Sauternes
sweet white wine made in Bordeaux full body stone fruit, vanilla, honey high acidity
114
Sherry
fortified white wine from Spain can be dry, medium or sweet
115
Port
fortified wine from Portugal sweet and high in alcohol typically red full bodied high tannin black fruit
116
Sweet wines (temp)
well chilled 6-8 celsius
117
sparkling wines (temp)
well chilled 6-10 celsius
118
light, medium bodied white and rose (temp)
chilled 7-10 celsius
119
full bodied white (temp)
lightly chilled 10-13 celsius
120
medium-full bodied red (temp)
room temp 15-18 celsius
121
light bodied red (temp)
lightly chilled 13 celsius
122
if food is sweet, wine seems...
more drying and bitter, more acidic less sweet and fruity
123
if food is umami, wine seems...
more drying and bitter, more acidic less sweet and fruity
124
if food is salty, wine seems...
less drying and bitter, less acidic more fruity, more body
125
if food is acidic, wine seems...
less drying and bitter, less acidic more sweet and fruity
126
if food is highly flavored, wine seems...
overwhelmed by the food flavors
127
if food is fatty/oily, wine seems...
less acidic
128
if food is hot, wine seems...
to increase the heat from the (chili), alcohol in the wine seems more noticeable
WSET WINE 1
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