Wt mgmt

Question 1

BMI calculation

Answer 1

Weight in kg ÷ (height in m)2 ORWeight in lb ÷ (height in inches)2 × 703

Question 2

Unhealthy vs healthy BMI

Answer 2

Healthy weight = BMI 18.5 to 24.9
Underweight = BMI <18.5
Overweight = BMI 25.0 to 29.9
Obese = BMI ≥30 (with too much body fat)

Question 3

Visceral fat associated w/

Answer 3

Type 2 DM

Question 4

Common postmenopausal women shape

Answer 4

Central fat

Question 5

Influential factors

Answer 5

smoking, alcohol consumption and physical

Question 6

Apple vs pear fat distribution

Answer 6

Visceral vs subcutaneous

Question 7

Best indicator of fat distribution

Answer 7

Waist circumference

Good indicator of fat distribution and central obesity

Question 8

Health risks associated with obesity

Answer 8

High blood lipids, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, abdominal hernias, some cancers, varicose veins, gout, gallbladder disease, kidney stones, respiratory problems, etc.
Social stigma, prejudice
Increased costs
Insurance premiums
Clothing

Question 9

Causes of obesity

Answer 9

Genes influence eating behavior
Impact of body composition
Complex interactions among genes
Interrelated with environment factors

Question 10

Etiology of obesity

Answer 10

Higher level of LPL activity in fat cells of obese people
Makes fat storage efficient

Protein (hormone) coded for by obesity (ob) gene
- Leptin resistience

Question 11

Obesity principles of tx

Answer 11

Weight-loss advice does not apply equally to all overweight people
Many factors should be considered
Extent of overweight, age, health, genetics, etc.
Must weigh the benefits and risks of weight loss
Obesity treatment should integrate healthy eating patterns, physical activities, supportive environments, and psychosocial support
Successful strategies embrace small changes, moderate and sustained losses, and reasonable goals

Question 12

Reasonable wt loss in 6 months

Answer 12

5-10% over 6 months

Maintain a lower body weight over the long term
At a minimum, prevent further weight gain

Question 13

A healthy eating plan

Answer 13

A realistic energy intake
Provides less energy than the person needs to maintain present body weight
Not too restrictive
Men: 1500-1800 kcalories per day
Women: 1200-1500 kcalories per day

Question 14

Nutritional adequacy

Answer 14

Difficult to achieve on <1200 kcal/day
Nutrient-dense food selections
Dietary supplement with ≤100% of Daily Values for minerals/ vitamins

Question 15

Lower energy density food

Answer 15

Fruits,vegetables, broth-based soups

Question 16

Health risks of being underweight

Answer 16

Inability to preserve lean tissue when fighting a wasting disease, e.g., cancer
Menstrual irregularities and infertility
Osteoporosis and bone fractures
Anorexia nervosa

Question 17

Signifcant hormones involved in wt loss/gain

Answer 17

Grehlin (Feeling of hunger/appetite)
Leptin (Being full, satieted)
LPL (Lipoprotein lipase) - promotes fat storage, makes it efficeint

Question 18

Strategies for wt gain

Answer 18

Resistance training with increased inergy intake

Energy dense foods

Three meals daily with large protions (extra snacks)

Juice and milk, high protein, high calorie formulas for those underwt r/t illness

Question 19

Attiantable wt gain

Answer 19

1 lb per month

Question 20

Eat enough to store more energy than you expend, how much?

Answer 20

at least 500 calories extra a day

Question 21

Estimating EER

Answer 21

Men over 19

[662- (9.53 x age)]+ PA (1-1.48) x [(15.91 x wt) + (539.6 x ht)]

Women over 19

[354- (6.91 x age)]+ PA (1-1.45) x [(9.36 x wt) + (726 x ht)]

Question 22

Set point theory

Answer 22

The body has a preferred wt range that it will defend via internal mechanisms

like adjusting metabolism and hunger hormones, to maintain stability, making sustained weight loss difficult as the body fights to return to its set point by increasing appetite and slowing metabolism when dieting