What was the main threat to Britain’s food supply starting in 1916?
The start of a new campaign of ‘unrestricted submarine warfare’ by German U-boats.
How much British merchant shipping was lost by August 1917?
1,500,000 tons had been sunk.
How low did food stocks get during the height of the U-boat threat?
At one stage, only four days of sugar and a few weeks of wheat flour remained.
When was compulsory rationing introduced in Britain?
December 1917, after voluntary schemes failed.
What were the three main aims of the rationing system?
Conserve food supplies.
Ensure fair distribution.
Control rising prices.
Which food item was the first to be rationed in Scotland?
Sugar (followed later by butcher meat).
By what date was rationing in force throughout all of Scotland?
April 1918.
How did the government encourage townspeople to help with food shortages?
They encouraged town councils to allocate patches of land (allotments) for growing vegetables.
What incentive was given to British farmers to increase food production?
They were paid subsidies to plough up pasture land to plant high-carb crops like potatoes and wheat.
How did the impact of food shortages in Britain compare to Germany?
Britain faced scarcity but avoided mass starvation; in Germany, over 500,000 civilians died of starvation in the winter of 1917-1918.
Why did the British naval blockade of Germany prove so decisive?
It caused a lack of food and war material; victory went to the country that managed shortages most effectively.
Why did Scotland’s East coast fishing industry struggle at the start of the war?
The North Sea was closed to fishing, and many boats/crews were used as support for the Royal Navy.
Why did the Scottish fishing industry lose its traditional export markets after the war?
Revolution and post-war changes led to the loss of markets in Germany, Eastern Europe, and Russia.
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CRM --> Reasons for immigration6
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CRM --> Immigrants' experience16
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CRM --> Changing attitudes towards immigrants18
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CRM --> Government Policy/Closing the Open Door8
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CRM --> Jim Crow Laws18
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CRM --> KKK15
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CRM --> Migration North16
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CRM --> Experiences of Black Americans in WW28
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CRM --> Reasons for the Growth of the Movement26
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CRM --> Campaigns after 1945 & Response of the Government25
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CRM --> Martin Luther King20
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CRM --> Impact on US Society15
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CRM --> Problems in Northern Ghettos15
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CRM --> Ghetto Riots20
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CRM --> Black Radicalism23
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CRM --> Impact of Black Radicalism9
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WW1 --> Recruitment16
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WW1 --> Life in the Trenches17
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WW1 --> Military Tactics27
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WW1 --> Technology of War11
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WW1 - Defense of the Realm Act (DORA)16
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WW1 --> Rationing13
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WW1 --> Changing Role of Women11
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WW1 --> War Propaganda5
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WW1 --> Conscription & Conscientious Objectors15
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WW1 --> Casualties and Deaths10
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WW1 --> Women's War Work12
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WW1 --> Reserved Occupations14
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WW1 --> Post-war Decline of Heavy Industry12
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WW1 --> Impact on Fishing and Agriculture10
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WW1 --> New Industries in the 1920s13
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WW1 --> Impact of campaigns for women’s suffrage16
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WW1 --> Rent Strikes11
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WW1 --> Extension of the Franchise12
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WW1 --> Homes Fit For Heroes17
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AST --> Organisation and Nature of the Trade9
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AST --> Effects on British Ports10
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AST --> Effects on African Societies15
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AST --> Slave Factories11
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AST --> Economics and Conditions of the Middle Passage12
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AST --> Importance of Plantations Crops11
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AST --> Negative impact of the trade on the development of the Caribbean islands12
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AST --> Influence of the Trade on the British Economy9
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AST --> Living and working conditions on the plantations12
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AST --> Resistance on Planations12
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AST --> Abolitionists' Arguments11
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AST --> Abolition Movement15
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AST --> Arguments Against Abolition11
