Y4 - Development Flashcards by Aimee Love

What is the median age a child is able to use a single word?

1 year old

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What is the median age a child is able to use 2 word sentences?

2 years old

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What is the median age a child is able to walk unaided?

13 months (1y)

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What is the median age a child is able to sit unaided?

7 months

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What is the median age a child is able to use pincer grip?

10 months

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What is the median age a child is able to tie their own laces?

6-8y

Now later due to velcro usage

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What is the median age a child is able to do zips and buttons?

Big range

Straight forward zips and buttons expect 4/5y

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What is the median age a child is able to first smile?

6 weeks

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What is the median age a child is able to pedal a bike with stabilisers?

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What is the median age a child is able to play co-operatively?

2.5y

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When does tiolet training tend to occur by?

3 years

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What are the main principles of development?

Continuous process

Sequence is usually the same but the rate differs (for individuals and aspects)

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What are milestones?

An ability that most children achieve by a certain age

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What are the social milestones & when are they achieved on average?

Smiles - 6/52
Sociable/babbling - 3/12
First words 12-13/12
2 word phrases - 2y
5 word phrases - 3y
Past, future tense, jokes - 5y

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What are the gross motor skills miletones & when are they on average achieved?

Sitting - 7/12
Walking - 13/12
Walks up and down stairs - 2y
Stands and walks on tip toes, pedal strike - 3y
Runs upstairs, walks down like adult - 5y

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What is the Fog test?

It is used to test gross motor skills in 6-8yo

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What are the fine motor coordination milestones and on average when are they achieved?

Pincer grip, points with index fingers & throws ojects - 10/12
Tower 2 bricks - 15/12
Tower 4 bricks - 18/12
To and fro scribbles - 18/12
Draws circle and person (smiley face with 4 lines) - 3.5y
Makes brick stairs, can draw person’s body, triangle & square - 4y
Can draw details on man (hair, fingers etc.) - 5y
Can draw diamond - 7y

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What are the play milestones and when are they on average achieved?

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Mouthing, inspect, shaking objects - 6m
Uses obkects functionally, e.g. doll to bed - 12m
Symbolic play, e.g. give teddy a drink, parallel play - 18m
Acts out sequences of every day activities, watches other children play, begins cooperative play - 2-3y
Cooperative & role play - 3y
Enjoys playing with others, elaborates on fantasy play - 4y
Cooperates in group play, follows group rules - 5y

What are the concentration milestones & when are they on average achieved?

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Attends to novel stimuli - 6m
Attends to most dominant stimulus in the room - 12m
Attends to own choice of activity, quite rigid and inflexible, 1 activity at a time - 18m
Remains rigid & inflexible, 7m sustained attention to activities not of his/her own choice - 2y
Can attend to adults choice of activity for increasing periods - 2.5y
Still single chanelled but child can control own focus and shift from listening to doing, 13m of sustained attention - 4y
Chanelled attention, able to listen and do at same time, can ignore irrelevant information, 15m of sustained attention - 5y

What things may cause speech delay?

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Hearing problems

Mouth movements - oral dyspraxia

General developmental delay

Specific language disorder

Neglect - lack of stimulation in environment

What are some definite developmental red flags?

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Loss of developmental skills (may indicate neuromuscular dx)
Not smiling/fixing/following at 2m
Hand preference before 1y (may indicate hemiplegia)
Head circumference >99.6th or <0.4th centile
Not walking at 18m (if male do CPK)
Not talking at 18m
Parental concern esp hearing
Experience HV or teacher not happy with child

In these situations - refer!

Before what age can you not diagnose autism?

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Before what age can you not diagnose ADHD?

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What are the potential pitfalls that may cause children to seem like they have an organic cause of developmental delay?

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Bottom shufflers (wait longer before Ix, it runs in families)

Small developmentally delayed child

Parental information (often exagerated)

Ill/tired child (e.g. can’t be bothered doing test)

Child of mother with PND

Deprived, disadvantaged, neglected, abused

Preterm

What must you do when assessing the developmental milestones of premature babies?

Correct for prematuring until 2y

What is screening?

Screening is applied to a population who have no manifestations of a disorder in order to separate out thoe at higher risk from those at lower risk

For what conditions is screening carried out?

Conditions in which early intervention is an effective way of improving a child's development

What is the current screening of children in the UK?

* Newborn * 5-6 days * 6-8 weeks * 24 months * 4 years * 5 years

What is done at newborn screening?

Physical examination, esp eyes, heart, hips

What is done at 5-6d screening?

Guthrie test Hearing screen

What is done at the 6-8w screening?

Physical examination

What is done at the 24m screening?

Developmental review by HV

What is done at the 4y screening?

Orthopotist assessment of vision

What is done at the screening at 5y?

Height, weight, hearing by school nurse

What does the Guthrie test test for?

Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, maple syrup urine disease, PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, homocystinuria, MCADD, IVA, GA1

How common is learning disability?

Affects 1-3% of children

What is the WHO definition of disability?

A state of arrested, or incomplete, development of mind Significant impairment of intellectual functioning (IQ) or significant impairment of social functioning (autism) MUST be present from childhood, not acquired following trauma/illness as an adult

How are learning disabilities classified?

By IQ: ## Footnote See table Educational terminology has divided LD into mild (IQ 70-75) and severe (IQ \<50) Must consider social function, strengths and weaknesses as opposed to IQ alone.

What are the groups of causes of LDs?

Genetic Intrauterine Perinatal Postnatal

What are the genetic causes of LD?

Down's syndrome Turner's syndrome Neurofibromatosis Tuberosclerosis Mucopolysaccharidoses Duchenne's muscular dystrophy Fragile X syndrome PKU

What are the intrauterine causes of LDs?

Rubella CMV Foetal alcohol syndrome Phenytoin Microencephaly

What are the perinatal causes of LDs?

Birth asphyxia VLBW Intracranial haemorrhage

What are the post-natal causes of LDs?

Shaken baby syndrome Meningitis Encephalitis Head injury Iodine deficiency (leading cause world wide) Cretinism (hypothyroidism acquired in childhood) Lead poisoning

Y4 - Development Flashcards

(43 cards)