Define sleep homeostat.
A sleep deficit elicits a compensatory increase in the intensity and duration of sleep, while excessive sleep reduces sleep propensity.
What is a zietgeber?
a rhythmically occurring natural phenomenon which acts as a cue in the regulation of the body’s circadian rhythms.
Which molecule has a primary role to play in sleep?
Adenosine
What is the relationship between sleep and alcohol?
alcohol reduces REM sleep
What measures eye movement`?
EOG
What measures muscle tone?
EMG
What measures brain waves?
EEG
What measures Brain waves, muscle tone, breathing and eye movements?
PSG
Define alcohol abuse
Habitual excessive use of alcohol such that drinking alcohol has caused problems in other areas of life e.g. social, personal or legal problems.
Define chronic alcohol dependence
When somebody drinks excessively leading to growing problems in their life but continues to drink even after their alcohol consumption begins to affect them physically.
What are the risk factors of alcohol abuse?
- High stress
- anxiety
- depression
- culture
- religion
- family
- work influence, starting college or a new job*
- peer pressure
- income/financial pressure
- proximity to alcohol retail stores.
What is the two-process model of sleep regulation?
the interaction of its two constituent processes, a sleep/wake dependent homeostatic Process S and a circadian Process C, generates the timing of sleep and waking.
What is the Poverty Line?
The minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country
What is gig economy?
- describes a labour market where organisations, such as Uber and Deliveroo, contract with independent workers for temporary positions, instead of permanent jobs.
- Instead of being paid a minimum wage, workers could get paid for completing work, such as Deliveroo drivers get paid per each food delivery.
What is social protection?
benefits from the government
What is Universal Credit?
Universal credit is a new benefit system being introduced to simplify the existing benefit system, which single monthly payment that meets different types of costs into the claimant’s bank account.
What is included in Universal Credit?
- Child tax credit
- Working tax credit
- Housing benefit
- Income support
- Income-based Employment and Jobseeker’s Allowance
Define food desert.
an area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food. (5,000-15,000 by 2 supermarkets)
What percentage of people over the age of 16 in the UK are classed ‘physically inactive’, completing less than 30 minutes physical activity in one week?
25%
In terms of the ‘Talk test’, which of the below indicates moderate physical activity?
you can talk, but can’t sing
What can the evolutionary mismatch theory explain?
the possible adaptive lag between human evolution and the rapid change of our environment in relation to physical activity levels.
What is the effect of a sedentary lifestyle?
- The general effects of a sedentary lifestyle promote a pro-inflammatory state through a variety of processes. (visceral fat)
What are the advantages of shared decision making?
- understand the care, treatment and support options available and the risks, benefits and consequences of those options
- make a decision about a preferred course of action, based on evidence based, good quality information and their personal preferences.
What is the evidence to support shared decision making?
- significantly improve outcomes for disadvantaged people.
- By addressing people’s level of health literacy when sharing decisions we can also reduce health inequalities.
