Yearly

Question 1

What is the alliance?

Answer 1

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and (Turkey?)

Question 2

What is the Triple Entente?

Answer 2

France, Great Britain and Russia (Belgium, colonies USA?)

Question 3

What is the Entente Cordiale?

Answer 3

‘Friendly agreement’ between Great Britain and France. Both needed Sudan, almost war, entente Cordiale 1904

Question 4

What is the Arms/Naval Race?

Answer 4

• 1906-1914

- Race to build more and better warships (GB and Germany)

Question 5

What is the Moroccan Crisis?

Answer 5

• Germany arrives in Morocco and provokes France
• France had colonised
• Tried to convince Morocco to revolt

Question 6

List the causes of World War 1 (9)

Answer 6

1. Imperialism and colonialism
2. Arms race/naval race
3. Moroccan crisis
4. Alliance system/Entente
5. The Balkan crisis
6. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
7. Scramble for Africa
8. Invasion of Belgium
9. Encirclement/ German paranoia

Question 7

How did imperialism and colonialism contribute to WW1?

Answer 7

• rivalries
• undermined cultural, religious and political structures
• nationalism developed

Question 8

How did the arms/naval race contribute to WW1?

Answer 8

• Beef between GB and Germany
• Trying to one up each other and threaten
• Tightened military ties between Paris and st Petersburg

Question 9

How did the Moroccan Crisis contribute to WW1?

Answer 9

• Rivalries
• Insecurity in Germany
• Triggered arms race, increased German vulnerability

Question 10

How did the Alliance system/Entente contribute to WW1?

Answer 10

• Germany becomes paranoid
• Alliances formed to strengthen bonds
• Wilhelm viewed entente Cordiale as an alliance against Germany, retaliates

Question 11

How did the Balkan crisis contribute to WW1?

Answer 11

• Wars undermined peace

- Limits of control over events within Europe exposed

Question 12

How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand contribute to WW1?

Answer 12

-Austria-Hungary targeted by Serbia, Germany gets involved, Russia gets involved etc (I think??)

Question 13

How did the scramble for Africa contribute to WW1?

Answer 13

• Beef?
• ‘sphere of influence’

(Sorry Mia idk)

Question 14

How did the invasion of Belgium contribute to WW1?

Answer 14

-Belgium was invaded?

Question 15

How did German paranoia/encirclement contribute to WW1?

Answer 15

• Paranoia, forms alliances

- Fights back

Question 16

Summarise the causes of WW1

Answer 16

• Examine how peace was maintained to clarify origins of war
• Crucial decisions made by ministers who had previously favoured peace but were now willing to risk war in pursuit of more assertive policies
• Arms race impacted German thinking, fears of encirclement
• Great powers threatened
• War considered to stop loss of power

Question 17

When’s did Nicholas 2 become Tsar of Russia?

Answer 17

1894

• God appointed Tsars
• Didn’t have skills to lead Russia

Question 18

What did Tsars believe about ruling?

Answer 18

• God given right
• unlimited control over people of Russia
• Pro military outlook
• Anti Semitic

Question 19

Nicholas as an autocrat was…?

Answer 19

• politically naive (Japan)
• only accepting to advice he wanted to hear
• didn’t accept guidance from anyone
• used propaganda to earn love
• ruled a police state, secret police would kill opposers
• censorship to give Russians a good image of leadership
• absolute power over law
• deprived others of power (Dumas)

Question 20

Background of Russian empire?

Answer 20

• 23 different nationalities
• Russians only 40% of empire (132 million)
• 77% peasants
• All social classes hated Tsarist regime

Question 21

Middle/upper class liberals?

Answer 21

• Supported Union of Liberation

- Wanted Russia to become a democracy w constitution

Question 22

Socialist intellectuals?

Answer 22

• Marxism
• Social Democratic Party (Bolsh/Mensh)
• Revolutionary
• Favoured peasants

Question 23

Economic situation in Russia 1900s?

Answer 23

• brink of crisis
• failed harvest, inflation, economic depression
• increased workers riots and strikes
• Nicky thinks granting reforms would undermine autocratic power

Question 24

Nobility

Answer 24

• 1% of population
• relied on gov. salaries
• spent more than earned, blamed gov

Question 25

War against Japan?

Answer 25

- 1905 - gov weakness and bad judgement - 'Slavic superiority' from God challenged - first time an Asian power beat a European power, strengthened people's discontent

Question 26

Causes of Bloody Sunday?

Answer 26

- increasing political awareness of workers (strikes) - growing frustration with gov - ethnic tensions - middle class dissent - social revolutionaries rise

Question 27

Bloody Sunday events?

Answer 27

- begins 1905 revolution - January 9 - respectfully present petition to Tsar on problems (universal suffrage, constituent assembly etc) - soldiers killed peasants - massacre of 70-30000 - "little father" - "bloody Nicholas"

Question 28

1905 revolution?

Answer 28

- respond to Bloody Sunday with strikes, revolts etc - liberals demand constitution - workers form soviets - peasants seize land - peak in October, gov could no longer maintain law and order

Question 29

End of 1905 revolution?

Answer 29

- mid 1907 - tsar re-establishes power with return of troops - trials held - revolts crushed - revolutionaries killed

Question 30

Post Bloody Sunday?

Answer 30

- trust in Tsar lost - peasants revolt - National Peasants' Union formed - end of Jan= 500 000 workers on strike - Unions developed for all classes

Question 31

The Duma?

Answer 31

- August - False sense of democracy - No real power, there to advise Tsar if needed (never was) - No power to make laws against Nicky - Opponents of Nicky discontented - Strikes/protests intensify - October 21: railway strike - October 26: St P Soviet formed (Trot)

Question 32

The October Manifesto?

Answer 32

- Prime Minister Witte tells Nicky to save Romanov dynasty through constitution - solved little, pleased few - didn't address everyday needs of proletariat - soviets anger grows

Question 33

Tsar's perspective?

Answer 33

- hated manifesto - hoped it would be a compromise (lack of understanding) - felt betrayed-returned to autocracy - hung and flogged rebelling peasants

Question 34

What were the "Fundamental Laws"?

Answer 34

- May 2 1906: confirmed Tsars right to make laws, appoint ministers etc. - altered electoral law so the representation of working class/peasants was reduced greatly

Question 35

Early days of WW1 and tsarist regime?

Answer 35

- final straw for downfall of Romanovs | - hardships endured undermined any remaining loyalty to Nicky

Question 36

How did hardships increase in the war?

Answer 36

- people hoped for short war - high casualty rates, shortages, loss of land etc. - Russian army inadequate - economic strain - soldiers suffered - poor railway network, hard to get supplies to soldiers - food scarce - living standards declined, people unhappy

Question 37

Tsarina takes over?

Answer 37

- Tsar leaves for front July 1915, personal balance for military failures - Tsarina took over, everyone hated her - Rasputin and Tsarina rumours, defamation

Question 38

Co-ordination of war effort?

Answer 38

- Nicky sucks - Duma establishes committed to organise war aid - other committees to help - Duma challenged tsars authority - "progressive bloc" where Duma appoints ministers Nicky refuses obvs - by 1916/17 EVERYONE hates Nicky, all classes turn against him - Romanovs fall in 1917 revolution