Yellow Cards

Question 1

What are the NONPOLAR, HYDROPHOBIC amino acids

Answer 1

1. Glycine
2. Alanine
3. Valine
4. Leucine
5. Isoleucine
6. Methionine
7. Phenylalanine
8. Tryptophan
9. Proline

Question 2

What are the POLAR NEUTRAL amino acids?

Answer 2

1. Cysteine
2. Threonine
3. Serine
4. Tyrosine
5. Asparagine
6. Glutamine

Question 3

What are the BASIC amino acids?

Answer 3

1. Lysine
2. Arginine
3. Histidine

Question 4

Features of amino acids with -OH groups

Answer 4

1. Reversible binding

2. phosphorylation

Question 5

Features of threonine

Answer 5

1. Bulky - so not good in tight turns
2. Has -OH group - so phosphorylation & reversible binding
3. Has a chiral C in R side chain

Question 6

Features of cysteine

Answer 6

1. Just slightly polar (so hydrophobic - unless S has lost its H).
2. can form disulfide bridge
   2 x cysteine = cystine
   (& is also the only amino acid where L = R)

Question 7

Features of isoleucine

Answer 7

1. Chiral C in R side chain
2. Alipathic
3. the constitutional isomer of Leucine

Question 8

Features of Methionine

Answer 8

1. used as a start codon when translating MRNA into a polypeptide/protein
2. 1 of 2 amino acids (w/ cysteine) that has sulfur
   but S is not very reactive b/c bound to 2 R groups (& not -H)

Question 9

Features of alanine

Answer 9

1. Aliphatic side chain
2. small
3. Metabolic connection - can be converted to pyrivate & pyruvate can be concerted to it (by transamination)

Question 10

Features of Histidine

Answer 10

pka 6

very close to physiological ph = so, easy to protonate & deprotonate

Question 11

Features of proline

Answer 11

1. Introduces kinks – so usually seen where you have a sharp twist.

Question 12

Features of tryptophan

Answer 12

1. Only amino acid with 2 aromatic rings

2. largest amino acid = 204 Da; & most complex

Question 13

Features of glycine

Answer 13

1. small

2. achiral

Question 14

Features of the basic amino acids

Answer 14

1. Like to be on external facing sides of protein

2. can form salt bonds

Question 15

Features of the acidic amino acids

Answer 15

1. can participate in transamination
2. like to be on external sides of protein
3. can form salt bonds

Question 16

What are the acidic amino acids?

Answer 16

1. Aspartic acid

2. Glutamic acid

Question 17

Features of asparagine & glutamine

Answer 17

can participate in transamination

Question 18

Amino Acides with -OH groups

Answer 18

1. Serine
2. Threonine
3. Tyrosine