Principle of Computer System > Yes > Flashcards

Yes Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What is firmware?

A

Firmware is the combination of hardware and software

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2
Q

In a computer, there is always 3 components, what is it?

A

Hardware, Software and Firmware

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3
Q

Example of hardware

A

BIOS Chip

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4
Q

What is a device driver?

A

A device driver is a special piece of
software designed to enable a hardware
component. The device driver enables the operating
system to recognize, control, and use the
hardware component.
➢ Device drivers functions between hardware
and operating system. E.g Printer

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5
Q

What is a motherboard?

A

The motherboard is the main circuit board inside the PC and contains the most electronics

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6
Q

Where is the motherboard located?

A

It is normally located at the bottom of the desktop or laptop computer and mounted or the side of the tower computer.

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7
Q

What are the other names for motherboard?

A

Mainboard, Planar or System Board

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8
Q

Is the motherboard the largest electronic circuit board in the computer?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Does the motherboard hold memory modules

A

Yes

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10
Q

What is RAM

A

Random Access Memory is the most common type of memory and is volatile - that is, the data inside the module is lost when power is removed.

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11
Q

What does the motherboard contain?

A

Memory, Expansion Slots, Memory and an Adapter in the Expansion Slot

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12
Q

Examples of Output Devices?

A

Speaker, Monitor, Printer

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13
Q

What is a port?

A

A port is a connector on a motherboard or on a separate adaptor that allows a device to connect to a computer

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14
Q

What is PS/2 Green port and Purple Port

A

Green Port is Mouse, Purple Port is Keyboard

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15
Q

What is a coaxial cable?

A

it is a type of connector associated with video, but more likely with a cable TV, is a Bayonet Neill-ConcelMan(BNC) connector.

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16
Q

What is a BNC Connector?`

A

A Bayonet Neill-ConcelMan is used with a coaxial cable to obtain TV Channels through a cable provider.

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17
Q

Explain USB

A

Universal Serial Bus allows up to 127 connected devices to transmit speed upto 10Gb/s (10 billion bits per second) or 20GB/s

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18
Q

What is eSATA?

A

It is a 7-pin nonpowered external serial AT attachment, used for connecting external storage devices such as hard drives or optical drives and is commonly found on laptops.

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19
Q

What is fiber optic and what is it made of?

A

it is a type of plastic fiber used to carry light pulses and it is made of glass

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20
Q

What is fiber optic used for?`

A

It can be used to connect a workstation to another device, but is more commonly used to connect networks forming the network backbone, networks between buildings, service provider high speed networks and homes to service providers.

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21
Q

What are the two main categories of storage?

A

Primary Storage and Secondary Storage

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22
Q

What is primary and secondary storage?

A

Primary Storage is the main memory directly accessible to CPU e.g RAM
Secondary Storage is long-term, persistent storage usually store data for extended period e.g HDD,SSD, CD and USB Drives.

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23
Q

What is CPU?

Study These Flashcards
A

Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer.

24
Q

Main Parts of CPU

Study These Flashcards
A

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): does all calculations and logical decisions (add, subtract, compare, etc.).

CU (Control Unit): directs the flow of data and instructions.

Registers: very fast small memory inside CPU for temporary storage.

25
What was used as storage in the early 18th to Mid 20th century
Punch Cards - originally used for loom weaving but later adapted for data input in early computing systems such as the ENAIC
26
What was used as storage in the 1950s?
Magnetic tapes - sequential data storage and commonly used for data backups even today. Magnetic drums - an early form of computer memory. HDDs - IBM introduced the first commercial HDD in 1956, initially the size of large cabinets then struck to desktop and then laptop sizes
27
What was used as storage in the 1970s-2000s?
Floppy Disks - portable storage media (8-inch floopies the 3.5 inch floppies) Compact Discs (1980s) - originally for audio then used for data storage Digital Versatile Disks) (DVDs) (1990s)- greater storage capacity than CDs for data, video & game storage) Flash Memory (late 80s-present) - non-volatile memory ( can be erase and reprogramme) - USB drives, memory cards, SSDs
28
Difference between RAM, ROM and Cache Memory.
* Volatile memory – data is lost when power is turned off * Used to store data and instruction that are actively being processed by the CPU * Types: DRAM & SRAM Read Only Memory (ROM) * Non-Volatile memory – retain its data when power is turned off * Used to store firmware and software permanently * Types: PROM, EPROM & EEPROM Cache Memory * Small sized type of volatile computer memory * Provides high-speed data access to the processor * Bridges the gap between RAM and CPU
29
What is HDD?
Hard Disk Drive is the most comon type of of computer storage device
30
What does HDD contain?
* Platters: Circular disks coated with magnetic material that stores the data * Read/Write Heads: Move across the platters to read and write data * Spindle: Rotates the platters at high speed allowing for fast data access
31
what are the advantages of SSD?
* Faster data access and transfer speeds * More durable and resistant to physical damage * Silent operation with no moving parts
32
what is optical storage?
cd,dvd,blu ray disc
33
benefit of cloud storage
accessibility, redundancy, scalability
34
types of memory?
Cache - L1 Cache, L2 Cache, L3 Cache Primary - RAM - statics and dynamic, - ROM - MROM,PROM,EPROM,EEPROM, ROM FLASH Secondary - Floppy Disk, Magnetic Tapes, CD ROMS, DVDs, Hard Disk, SSD, Pendrive, SD Cards
35
What is RAID and what does it do?
Redundant Array of Independent Disks is a way of storing the same data in different places on multiple hard disks or SSD to protect data in case of a drive failure
36
What are the different RAID levels?
0-6 0 - striping 1- mirrored 2 and 3 - parallel access 4 to 6 - independent access
37
What is striping partitions in RAID?
It helps spread data over multiple disk drives
38
What is disk mirroring in RAID?
It is the process of copying identical data onto more than one drive.
39
What is an operating system?
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.
40
When was the first operating system developed?
1950s and 1960s for mainframe computers such as GM-NAA I/O and UNIVAC I
41
When was Unix first developed and by who?
Unix was first developed in the late 1960s- 1970s by a group of AT&T employees
42
When was Microsoft first released?
1985 as a graphical user interface (GUI)
43
When was MacOS first released?
1984 by Apple Inc
44
When was Linux first released?
1991 by Linus Torvalds as free and open source
45
Functions of Operating System
Process Management(Computing) Memory Management File Management I/O Operations Communication Interrupts Virtual Memory Device Drivers Command interpretation Networking Disk Access and File Systems User Interface Security
46
Components of OS
Kernel - core part of os, provides basic control over all computer's hardware (CPU, Memory, Devices)
47
Pros and Cons of OS
Pros: Easy to use User Friendly Platform for all programs No need to know any technical languages Intermediate between hardware and software of the system Cons: anything happen with os, lose everything that is stored unwatned user can use one's own system
48
Types of OS
Single and Multi-Tasking Single and Multi-User Distributed OS Templated OS Embedded OS Real-Time OS Library OS
49
Challenges of OS
ensuring security achieving compatibility with a wide range of hardware and software configs
50
Futures of OS
Internet of Things(IoT) Augmented Reality(AR) Artificial Intelligence(AI)
51
Generations of Computer, when was it and what is it
1st 1946-1959 Vacuum Tube Based, requires 3.5kW (ENAIC,EDVAC,UNIVAC,IBM-701) 2nd 1959-1965 Transistors, magnetic cores were used as primary memory and magnetic tape and disks were used as secondary storage devices (IBM-1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600 & UNIVAC 1108) 3rd 1965-1971 Integrated Circuit 4th 1971-1980 VLSI (Very Large-Scale integration) 5th 1980 to now VLSI/ULSI
52
What is Moores Law
The number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. ➢ Moore predicted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future. ➢ In subsequent years, the pace slowed down a bit, but data density has doubled approximately every 18 months
53
Structure of Computer System
CPU, Main Memory, I/O, System Interconnection
54
Structure of CPU
Control Unit, ALU(Arithmetic and Logic Unit), Registers and CPU Interconnection
55
Principle of Computer System
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