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Yes Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

What is an economic depression?

A

A lengthy period of economic and social hardship with low economic activity and high unemployment

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2
Q

Why was the Great Depression significant?

A

It was the worst depression in history, caused widespread suffering, led to social welfare programs, and helped cause WWII

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3
Q

What years did the Great Depression occur?

A

1929 through the 1930s

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4
Q

What caused the Great Depression?

A

Unsound banking, WWI debt, unregulated capitalism, low wages, overproduction, too much credit, buying on margin, dependence on the US economy, and US protectionism

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5
Q

Why did unregulated capitalism contribute to the Depression?

A

There were no safeguards to prevent speculation, overproduction, or banking collapse

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6
Q

Why was Canada hit especially hard?

A

Canada depended heavily on the US economy

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7
Q

How did US protectionism worsen the Depression?

A

Tariffs reduced trade and deepened the global economic collapse

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8
Q

What happened to the New York Stock Exchange?

A

It dropped about 90 percent

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9
Q

What happened to investors?

A

Many lost everything

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10
Q

What happened to banks?

A

Banks stopped lending and many went out of business

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11
Q

What happened to loans?

A

Massive loan defaults occurred

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12
Q

How much did the US economy shrink?

A

About 50 percent

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13
Q

What happened to Canada’s economy?

A

It collapsed due to dependence on the US

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14
Q

What was the human cost of the Depression?

A

Hunger homelessness fear shame and hopelessness

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15
Q

What percent of Canadians were unemployed?

A

About 30 percent

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16
Q

What percent were underemployed?

A

About 30 percent

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17
Q

What happened to housing?

A

Many lost homes and became homeless

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18
Q

Why was suffering so severe?

A

There were virtually no welfare programs

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19
Q

Who was scapegoated during the Depression?

A

Minorities and women

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20
Q

What phrase summed up the era?

A

No money no job no future

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21
Q

What was the Dust Bowl?

A

The worst environmental disaster before climate change

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22
Q

What caused the Dust Bowl?

A

Overproduction soil depletion drought record heat and sandstorms

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23
Q

What happened to farmland?

A

Millions of acres became useless

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24
Q

How did people describe the Dust Bowl?

A

Like the end of the world

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25
Who was Mackenzie King?
Liberal Prime Minister of Canada
26
Why did Mackenzie King get voted out?
He played politics instead of helping the unemployed
27
Who was R.B. Bennett?
Conservative Prime Minister from 1930 to 1935
28
Why was Bennett elected?
King appeared unconcerned about unemployment
29
How did Bennett respond to the Depression?
Tariffs and work camps
30
Why did Bennett’s response fail?
It worsened the economy and helped few people
31
What were Bennettvilles?
Shanty towns for unemployed people
32
Who lived in Bennettvilles?
Mostly unemployed men
33
What was the average age in Bennettvilles?
About 46
34
What jobs did Bennettville residents have before?
Dockworkers miners loggers sawmill workers
35
What were Bennett Buggies?
Cars pulled by horses due to lack of gas
36
What were work camps?
Government camps for unemployed men
37
Why were work camps unpopular?
Low pay harsh discipline and poor conditions
38
What does riding the rails mean?
Hopping trains illegally to find work
39
What was the On to Ottawa movement?
A 1935 protest by unemployed men
40
What year did On to Ottawa occur?
1935
41
Where was On to Ottawa stopped?
Regina
42
Why did the meeting with Bennett fail?
Leaders were demonized
43
What were the Regina Riots?
A violent clash on June 26 1935
44
Why were the Regina Riots a rights violation?
Protesters were beaten and arrested
45
How many were injured in Regina?
About 120
46
How many were arrested in Regina?
About 130
47
Why did Bennett lose the 1935 election?
Public outrage over the riots
48
What was the Vancouver Post Office Riot?
A riot on June 19 1938
49
What caused the Vancouver riot?
Relief camp funding was cut
50
Why was Vancouver viewed differently than Regina?
Protesters destroyed property and committed violence
51
How did police respond in Vancouver?
They cracked heads after arrests
52
What was relief or welfare?
Government aid for unemployed people
53
What political ideology gained support?
Socialism
54
What was the original name of Canada’s socialist party?
Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
55
Who led the CCF?
J S Woodsworth
56
What was the Regina Manifesto?
A call to replace capitalism with socialism
57
What party evolved from the CCF?
The NDP
58
What did Alberta do?
Adopted Social Credit
59
Who was William Aberhart?
Premier of Alberta
60
What were Prosperity Certificates?
A plan to give people 25 dollars
61
Why were Prosperity Certificates unconstitutional?
Only the federal government can create money
62
What did Ontario do?
Limited reform
63
Who was Mitch Hepburn?
Premier of Ontario
64
Why was Hepburn criticized?
He became a brutal strike breaker
65
What did Quebec do?
Returned to traditional values
66
Who was Quebec’s premier?
Maurice Duplessis
67
What party did Duplessis lead?
Union Nationale
68
What values did Duplessis promote?
Farm family and church (traditional values)
69
What economic result occurred in Quebec?
Anglo control and stagnation
70
What did British Columbia do?
Tried new economic ideas
71
Who was Duff Pattullo?
Premier of British Columbia
72
What theory did Pattullo use?
Keynesian economics
73
What is Keynesian economics?
Government spending to stimulate demand
74
What project symbolized BC policy?
The Pattullo Bridge
75
What was the Rowell-Sirois Commission?
A 1937 royal commission
76
What did it decide?
Federal responsibility for welfare and unemployment
77
Who collects taxes after Rowell-Sirois?
The federal government
78
What are equalization payments?
Federal payments to poorer provinces
79
Why was entertainment important?
It provided escapism and hope
80
What role did movies play?
Cheap escapist entertainment
81
What defined Hollywood films?
Glamour lavish sets and happy endings
82
What era was this for Hollywood?
The Golden Age
83
Who was Little Miss Box Office?
Shirley Temple
84
What was the biggest 1939 film?
Gone with the Wind
85
Why were professional sports popular?
They distracted people from hardship
86
Why was the CBC created?
To give Canadians a national voice
87
Who was Grey Owl?
Archie Belaney
88
Why was Grey Owl important?
He promoted environmentalism
89
Why was Grey Owl controversial?
He was not Indigenous
90
Who were the Dionne Quintuplets?
The most famous Canadians
91
How were they exploited?
The Ontario government profited from them
92
What ideologies rose in Europe?
Fascism and Nazism
93
What is fascism?
Authoritarian nationalism
94
What is Nazism?
Racist German fascism
95
Who were the Axis leaders?
Hitler Mussolini and Tojo
96
Who supported appeasement?
Neville Chamberlain
97
What was appeasement?
Giving in to aggression to avoid war
98
Why did appeasement fail?
It encouraged further expansion
99
How did Hitler react to appeasement?
He demanded more territory
100
What happened in 1936?
Germany reoccupied the Rhineland
101
What happened in 1938?
The Anschluss with Austria
102
What happened later in 1938?
Germany took the Sudetenland
103
What country lost the Sudetenland?
Czechoslovakia
104
What happened to Czechoslovakia in 1939?
Germany occupied it
105
What did Hitler demand in 1939?
Danzig and the Polish Corridor
106
Who did Germany ally with in 1939?
The Soviet Union
107
What started WWII in Europe?
The invasion of Poland
108
Was Hitler a direct threat to Canada?
No
109
Why did Hitler still matter to Canada?
Canada was tied to Britain and global war
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