what are the different ways of transmission of disease
Direct contact – touching animals , biting
Indirect contact – touching something the animal has touched eg: hay , bedding, fencing
Vectors
Water
Food
How many zoonotic diseases in the uk
35 endemic diseases – present in the Uk – management plans exist
20 exotic diseases – not present in the Uk – less management plans , much harder to manage – contingency plans still exist
what is Campylobacter
bacterial infection
endemic
Caused by 2 types of bacteria
Direct contact , indirect contact , food and water
Present in all farm animals as well as cats and dogs
Incubation period 2-5 days
Food poisoning
Drink lots – may need antibiotics
what is ORF
Virus - endemic
Direct or indirect contact
Affects sheep
Small scabby lesions and pustules
Incubation period – 3-6 days
Prevention is key – vaccination
No specific treatment
what is ringworm
Fungal disease - endemic
Direct or indirect contact
Cattle , horses and cats
Incubation period – 1-3 weeks
Spores can survive for months
Treated with antifungal treatment
what is salmonella
Bacteria – salmonella sp - endemic
transimission- Food , water , direct and indirect contact
Poultry , pigs , cattle , cats , dogs , birds reptiles
Vomiting , diarrhoea , cramps , fever
12-72 hours
Prevention is important
Rehydration is required
what is toxoplasmosis
Parasitic infection – toxoplasma gondii
endemic
Cats are main reservoir
Can affect sheep at lambing time
Water , food , direct and indirect contact
incubation period 1-7 weeks
Fairly mild symptoms in most cases but can cause serios consequences to pregnant women
what is Cryptosporidiosis
Parasitic infection - endemic
Spread primarily from sheep and cows
Direct , indirect contact , food and water
Diarrhoea , cramps vomiting
Incubation period 2-10 days
Prevention important
what is avian infuenza
Not common as zoonoses - endemic
Virus – influenza A group
Poultry farmers and vets at higher risk
Incubation period –2-8 days
Conjunctivitis , flu , severe respiratory ill health
Prevention is important – flu vaccine
what is lyme disease
Bacterial - endemic
Vector – ticks
Common in marshy areas
Mainly seen in sheep
Incubation period – 3-30 days
Rash and flu like symptoms
Can be treated with antibiotics – treatment should be sought quickly
Listeriosis
Rare but serious
Bacteria – listeria - endemic
Food and direct contact
Serious for vulnerable people and pregnant women
Common in sheep and cattle
Flu like symptoms
Commonly present in silage
Leptospirosis
Bacteria - endemic
Leptospira
All mammals
Direct contact , indirect contact , water bourne or contaminated foods
Rare but higher number of cases this winter
High temperatures , diarrhoea , kidney disease
Treated with antibiotics
Rabies
Rabies
Virus
Mainly in Africa and Asia
Incubation period – 1-3 weeks
Flu like symptoms , convulsions , death
Brucellosis
Bacteria
Cattle , sheep and pigs , dogs
Meditterranean
Incubation period 5-30 days , can be up to 6 months
Joint pain , flu like , even arthritis
Antibiotics
To reduce risk
To reduce risk
-biosecurity
PPE
Cleanliness
Cooking food through
Drinking clean water
