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Decks in this class (101)
Q1 History of Pathology. History of Pathology in Bulgaria.
What is pathology and why is it i...,
What are the earliest concepts of...,
Who is considered the father of m...
10
cards
Q2 Subject, aim and significance of General Pathology.
What is the subject of general pa...,
What are the main components stud...,
What is the aim of general pathol...
9
cards
Q3 -Methods of Pathology. Macroscopic examination
What are the main methods used in...,
What is autopsy pathology 2,
What is surgical pathology 3
9
cards
Q4 Methods of Pathology. Histological examination.
What is histological examination ...,
What are the main steps in histol...,
What is the purpose of fixation i...
9
cards
Q5 Methods of Pathology. Cytological examination.
What is cytological examination i...,
What are the main types of cytolo...,
What is exfoliative cytology 3
9
cards
Q 6. Methods of Pathology. Histochemical examination. Histochemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and enzymes.
Histochemical stains for carbohyd...,
Histochemical stains for acidic m...,
Combined mucin staining 3
8
cards
Q 7. Methods of Pathology. Immunohistochemistry.
Definition of ihc 1,
Purpose of ihc 2,
Chromogens used in ihc 3
8
cards
Q 8. Electron microscope examination.
Definition of em 1,
Types of em 2,
Applications of em 3
7
cards
Q9. Pathology of the damaged cell. Etiology and morphogenesis of the cellular damage.
Definition of cell injury 1,
Causes of cell damage hypoxia 2,
Causes of cell damage physical ag...
9
cards
Q10 . Cellular damage in hypoxia, physical and chemical factors.
Cellular damage by hypoxia 1,
Mechanism in ischaemia vs hypoxia 2,
Vulnerable cells to hypoxia 3
7
cards
Q11 . Cellular damage due to biological factors: bacteria and viruses.
What are the main mechanisms by w...,
How do bacterial exotoxins damage...,
What is the role of endotoxins in...
9
cards
Q 12. Ultrastructural pathology of the damaged cell. Ultrastructural pathology of the cell nucleus.
What is ultrastructural pathology...,
What are the main ultrastructural...,
What mitochondrial changes occur ...
9
cards
Q13. Ultrastructural pathology of the damaged cell. Ultrastructural pathology of the cell cytoplasm.
What does ultrastructural patholo...,
What are the main cytoplasmic cha...,
What mitochondrial ultrastructura...
9
cards
Q 14. Disorder of the fluid and electrolyte balance of the damaged cell: cellular swelling, vacuolar and hydropic degeneration.
What is cellular swelling in cell...,
What is the main mechanism of cel...,
What are the morphological featur...
9
cards
Q 15. Excessive accumulation of proteins in the cell
What is excessive accumulation of...,
What are the main mechanisms of i...,
What is an example of excessive p...
9
cards
Q 16. Excessive accumulation of lipids in the cell: adipose degeneration.
What is adipose fatty degeneration 1,
What are the main causes of fatty...,
What is the main mechanism of lip...
9
cards
17. Excessive accumulation of lipids in mesenchymal cells: mesenchymal lipidoses.
What are mesenchymal lipidoses 1,
Which cells are primarily involve...,
What is the main mechanism of mes...
9
cards
Q18. Accumulation of pigments. Exogenous pigments.
What are exogenous pigments 1,
What is the most common exogenous...,
What is anthracosis 3
9
cards
19. Accumulation of pigments. Endogenous pigments. Haemoglobinogenic pigments: haemosiderin, ferritin, haematin.
What are endogenous haemoglobinog...,
What is hemosiderin 2,
Where is hemosiderin commonly fou...
9
cards
20. Accumulation of pigments. Iron-free haemoglobinogenic pigments: bilirubin. Types of jaundice.
What is bilirubin 1,
What are the two main forms of bi...,
How is bilirubin metabolized in t...
9
cards
Q21 . Accumulation of pigments. Endogenous pigments. Autochthonous pigments: proteinogenic and lipidogenic pigments.
What are autochthonous pigments 1,
What are the two main types of au...,
What are proteinogenic pigments 3
9
cards
Q 22. Disorders of collagen synthesis.
Blank 1,
What are disorders of collagen sy...,
What are the main steps in collag...
10
cards
Q23. Disorders of elastin synthesis.
What are the two main components ...,
What function do elastic fibers s...,
Which enzyme degrades elastic tis...
7
cards
24. Excessive accumulation of material in the intercellular substance of the connective tissue: fibrinoid accumulation.
What is fibrinoid accumulation in...,
In which conditions is fibrinoid ...,
What are the histological feature...
3
cards
Q 25. Excessive accumulation of material in the intercellular substance of the connective tissue: hyaline.
What is hyaline accumulation in c...,
Where is extracellular hyaline co...,
What is the histologic appearance...
3
cards
Q 26. Accumulation of amyloid /amyloidosis/.
What is amyloidosis 1,
What are the main types of system...,
What is al amyloid derived from 3
9
cards
Q 27. Disorders of calcium and copper metabolism
What is primary hyperparathyroidi...,
What are common clinical features...,
What is secondary hyperparathyroi...
9
cards
Q 28. Death – types, phases, morphological features. Signs of death.
What are the main types of death 1,
What are the phases of somatic de...,
What occurs in the agonal phase 3
10
cards
Q 29. Necrosis – causes, types.
What is necrosis 1,
What are the main causes of necro...,
What is coagulative necrosis 3
7
cards
Q 30. Necrosis. Clinico-anatomical forms. Outcome of necrosis.
What are the clinico anatomical f...,
What is the outcome of coagulativ...,
What is the outcome of liquefacti...
7
cards
Q 31. Apoptosis
What is apoptosis 1,
What are the main physiologic pro...,
What are the main pathologic proc...
9
cards
Q32. Left-sided heart failure.
What is left sided heart failure 1,
What are the major causes of left...,
What are the backward effects of ...
8
cards
Q 33. Right-sided heart failure.
What is right sided heart failure 1,
What are the main causes of right...,
What are the backward upstream ef...
7
cards
Q 34. Disorders of the microcirculation.
0
cards
Q 35. Shock. Clinico-morphological forms.
0
cards
Q 36. Organ changes in shock.
0
cards
Q 37. Local disorders in blood circulation. Arterial hyperaemia.
0
cards
Q 38. Local disorders in blood circulation. Venous hyperaemia
0
cards
Q 39. Ischemia – types.
0
cards
Q 40. Infarctions – types.
0
cards
Q 41. Haemorrhage – mechanisms. Haemorrhagic diathesis. Coagulopathies.
0
cards
Q 42. Thrombosis. Conditions for thrombus formation. Types of thrombi.
0
cards
Q 43. Thrombosis. Clinico-anatomical forms. Outcome.
0
cards
Q 44. Intravascular coagulation. Clinico-anatomical fo
0
cards
Q 45. Embolism. Types. Embolus pathways
0
cards
Q 46. Thromboembolism
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Q 47. Fat embolism. Bone marrow embolism.
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cards
48. Air, gas, tissue embolism. Microbial embolism and other rare types.
0
cards
Q 49. Disorders of fluid exchange. Oedema. Types.
0
cards
Q 50. Clinico-anatomical forms of oedemas. Hyperhydration and dehydration
0
cards
Q51 Inflammation. Etiology and phases of development of the inflammatory reaction.
What is inflammation 1,
What are the main goals of inflam...,
What components are involved in i...
15
cards
Q52 Plasma and tissue mediators of inflammation.
What are inflammatory mediators 1,
What is the main difference betwe...,
What are the main plasma mediator...
16
cards
Q53 Inflammation: forms. Acute inflammation. Functional changes at the site of inflammation. Vascular changes. Types of exudate.
What are the two main forms of in...,
What characterizes acute inflamma...,
What is the main goal of acute in...
16
cards
Q54 Cellular elements in acute inflammation.
Main cellular elements in acute i...,
Role of neutrophils 2,
Peak timing of neutrophils 3
13
cards
Q55 -Morphological forms of acute inflammation: serous and fibrinous inflammation.
What is serous inflammation 1,
Sites commonly affected by serous...,
Morphology of serous inflammation 3
17
cards
Q56 - Morphological forms of acute inflammation: purulent, haemorrhagic and gangrenous inflammation. Outcomes of acute inflammation.
Morphological forms of acute infl...,
Definition of purulent inflammati...,
Main cause of purulent inflammati...
15
cards
Q57.Chronic inflammation. Morphological characteristics. Cellular elements in chronic inflammation. Forms. Outcome.
What is chronic inflammation 1,
What are the three main morpholog...,
Which cells predominate in chroni...
16
cards
Q58 - Non-specific granulomatous inflammation. Types. Polypous inflammation.
What is non specific chronic infl...,
What are the main cells in non sp...,
What are the key morphological fe...
15
cards
Q59 - Specific granulomatous inflammation.
What is specific granulomatous in...,
What is a granuloma 2,
What cells form the core of a gra...
15
cards
Q60 - Allergic reactions. Types.
0
cards
Q61. Autoimmune diseases. Types.
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Q 62. Immunodeficiency syndromes. Types. Morphological characteristics.
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Q 63. Transplant immunity.
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Q 64. Hyperplasia.
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Q 65. Hypertrophy.
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cards
Q66. Atrophy.
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Q 67. Reorganization of tissue and organ structures. Prosoplasia. Anaplasia. Metaplasia.
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cards
Q 68. Regeneration. Complete and incomplete regeneration.
0
cards
Q 69. Factors affecting the growth processes.
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Q 70. Regeneration of skin and mucous membranes.
0
cards
Q71. Regeneration in cardiovascular system, liver.
0
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Q72 Regeneration in kidneys, lungs, haemopoietic tissue, lymph nodes and muscles.
Blank 1
1
cards
Q 73. Regeneration in nervous system, cartilage and bone tissue.
0
cards
Q74 74. Tumors. Biological, morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics.
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cards
Q 75. Etiology and epidemiology of tumors.
0
cards
Q 76. Precancerous conditions. Types. Significance.
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cards
Q 77. Morphogenesis of tumor growth.
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Q 78. Biological manifestations of tumors – benign and malignant.
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Q 79. Recurrence and metastasis. Types of metastases.
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cards
Q 80. Cellular biology of tumors. Grades and stages of tumor growth.
0
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Q 81. Tumor-host interactions.
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Q82. General morphology of tumors. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
0
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Q 83. Immunohistochemical and molecular-pathological diagnostics of tumors.
0
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Q 84. Terminology and classification of tumors.
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Q 85. Benign epithelial tumors.
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Q 86. Malignant epithelial tumors.
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Q 87. Benign and malignant tumors of muscle tissue.
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Q 88. Benign and malignant tumors of connective tissue.
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Q89. Benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue.
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Q 90. Benign and malignant tumors of blood vessels.
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Q 91. Benign and malignant tumors of bone tissue.
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Q 92. Benign and malignant tumors of cartilage tissue.
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Q 93. Melanin-producing tumors.
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Q 94. Tumors of lymph nodes and bone marrow.
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Q 95. Teratomas.
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Q96. Tumors of the nervous system.
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Q 97. Fetal malformations. Etiology and morphogenesis of congenital malformations.
0
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Q 98. Types of malformations in relation to the period of teratogenic exposure. Names and classification of congenital malformations.
0
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Q 99. Congenital malformations of the foetus (most common and affecting the cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal and urinary systems).
0
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General Pathology Theory
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