General Pathology Theory
flashcards
Decks in class (101)
# Cards
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Q1 History of Pathology. History of Pathology in Bulgaria.10
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Q2 Subject, aim and significance of General Pathology.9
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Q3 -Methods of Pathology. Macroscopic examination9
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Q4 Methods of Pathology. Histological examination.9
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Q5 Methods of Pathology. Cytological examination.9
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Q 6. Methods of Pathology. Histochemical examination. Histochemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and enzymes.8
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Q 7. Methods of Pathology. Immunohistochemistry.8
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Q 8. Electron microscope examination.7
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Q9. Pathology of the damaged cell. Etiology and morphogenesis of the cellular damage.9
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Q10 . Cellular damage in hypoxia, physical and chemical factors.7
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Q11 . Cellular damage due to biological factors: bacteria and viruses.9
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Q 12. Ultrastructural pathology of the damaged cell. Ultrastructural pathology of the cell nucleus.9
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Q13. Ultrastructural pathology of the damaged cell. Ultrastructural pathology of the cell cytoplasm.9
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Q 14. Disorder of the fluid and electrolyte balance of the damaged cell: cellular swelling, vacuolar and hydropic degeneration.9
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Q 15. Excessive accumulation of proteins in the cell9
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Q 16. Excessive accumulation of lipids in the cell: adipose degeneration.9
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17. Excessive accumulation of lipids in mesenchymal cells: mesenchymal lipidoses.9
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Q18. Accumulation of pigments. Exogenous pigments.9
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19. Accumulation of pigments. Endogenous pigments. Haemoglobinogenic pigments: haemosiderin, ferritin, haematin.9
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20. Accumulation of pigments. Iron-free haemoglobinogenic pigments: bilirubin. Types of jaundice.9
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Q21 . Accumulation of pigments. Endogenous pigments. Autochthonous pigments: proteinogenic and lipidogenic pigments.9
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Q 22. Disorders of collagen synthesis.10
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Q23. Disorders of elastin synthesis.7
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24. Excessive accumulation of material in the intercellular substance of the connective tissue: fibrinoid accumulation.3
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Q 25. Excessive accumulation of material in the intercellular substance of the connective tissue: hyaline.3
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Q 26. Accumulation of amyloid /amyloidosis/.9
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Q 27. Disorders of calcium and copper metabolism9
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Q 28. Death – types, phases, morphological features. Signs of death.10
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Q 29. Necrosis – causes, types.7
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Q 30. Necrosis. Clinico-anatomical forms. Outcome of necrosis.7
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Q 31. Apoptosis9
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Q32. Left-sided heart failure.8
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Q 33. Right-sided heart failure.7
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Q 34. Disorders of the microcirculation.0
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Q 35. Shock. Clinico-morphological forms.0
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Q 36. Organ changes in shock.0
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Q 37. Local disorders in blood circulation. Arterial hyperaemia.0
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Q 38. Local disorders in blood circulation. Venous hyperaemia0
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Q 39. Ischemia – types.0
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Q 40. Infarctions – types.0
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Q 41. Haemorrhage – mechanisms. Haemorrhagic diathesis. Coagulopathies.0
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Q 42. Thrombosis. Conditions for thrombus formation. Types of thrombi.0
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Q 43. Thrombosis. Clinico-anatomical forms. Outcome.0
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Q 44. Intravascular coagulation. Clinico-anatomical fo0
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Q 45. Embolism. Types. Embolus pathways0
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Q 46. Thromboembolism0
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Q 47. Fat embolism. Bone marrow embolism.0
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48. Air, gas, tissue embolism. Microbial embolism and other rare types.0
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Q 49. Disorders of fluid exchange. Oedema. Types.0
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Q 50. Clinico-anatomical forms of oedemas. Hyperhydration and dehydration0
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Q51 Inflammation. Etiology and phases of development of the inflammatory reaction.15
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Q52 Plasma and tissue mediators of inflammation.16
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Q53 Inflammation: forms. Acute inflammation. Functional changes at the site of inflammation. Vascular changes. Types of exudate.16
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Q54 Cellular elements in acute inflammation.13
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Q55 -Morphological forms of acute inflammation: serous and fibrinous inflammation.17
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Q56 - Morphological forms of acute inflammation: purulent, haemorrhagic and gangrenous inflammation. Outcomes of acute inflammation.15
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Q57.Chronic inflammation. Morphological characteristics. Cellular elements in chronic inflammation. Forms. Outcome.16
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Q58 - Non-specific granulomatous inflammation. Types. Polypous inflammation.15
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Q59 - Specific granulomatous inflammation.15
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Q60 - Allergic reactions. Types.0
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Q61. Autoimmune diseases. Types.0
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Q 62. Immunodeficiency syndromes. Types. Morphological characteristics.0
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Q 63. Transplant immunity.0
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Q 64. Hyperplasia.0
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Q 65. Hypertrophy.0
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Q66. Atrophy.0
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Q 67. Reorganization of tissue and organ structures. Prosoplasia. Anaplasia. Metaplasia.0
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Q 68. Regeneration. Complete and incomplete regeneration.0
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Q 69. Factors affecting the growth processes.0
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Q 70. Regeneration of skin and mucous membranes.0
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Q71. Regeneration in cardiovascular system, liver.0
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Q72 Regeneration in kidneys, lungs, haemopoietic tissue, lymph nodes and muscles.1
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Q 73. Regeneration in nervous system, cartilage and bone tissue.0
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Q74 74. Tumors. Biological, morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics.0
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Q 75. Etiology and epidemiology of tumors.0
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Q 76. Precancerous conditions. Types. Significance.0
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Q 77. Morphogenesis of tumor growth.0
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Q 78. Biological manifestations of tumors – benign and malignant.0
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Q 79. Recurrence and metastasis. Types of metastases.0
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Q 80. Cellular biology of tumors. Grades and stages of tumor growth.0
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Q 81. Tumor-host interactions.0
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Q82. General morphology of tumors. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.0
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Q 83. Immunohistochemical and molecular-pathological diagnostics of tumors.0
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Q 84. Terminology and classification of tumors.0
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Q 85. Benign epithelial tumors.0
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Q 86. Malignant epithelial tumors.0
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Q 87. Benign and malignant tumors of muscle tissue.0
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Q 88. Benign and malignant tumors of connective tissue.0
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Q89. Benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue.0
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Q 90. Benign and malignant tumors of blood vessels.0
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Q 91. Benign and malignant tumors of bone tissue.0
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Q 92. Benign and malignant tumors of cartilage tissue.0
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Q 93. Melanin-producing tumors.0
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Q 94. Tumors of lymph nodes and bone marrow.0
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Q 95. Teratomas.0
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Q96. Tumors of the nervous system.0
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Q 97. Fetal malformations. Etiology and morphogenesis of congenital malformations.0
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Q 98. Types of malformations in relation to the period of teratogenic exposure. Names and classification of congenital malformations.0
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Q 99. Congenital malformations of the foetus (most common and affecting the cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal and urinary systems).0
