(02) Lecture 2

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

(Cellular Players: Platelets)

1. born where?
2. life span?
3. major component for what?
4. cover what surface at site of vascular injury?

Answer 2

1. bone marrow
2. 5-6 days
3. hemostasis
4. subendothelial surface

(vascular injury common at site of inflammation)

Question 3

(Cellular Players: Platelets)

(Function)

1. release what?
2. Also release what that facilitate healing?

Answer 3

1. chemical mediators of inflammation (vasoactive amines, coagulation factors and fibrinogen, cytokines, adhesion molecules, PG)
2. growth factors (PDGF, FGF)

Question 4

(Cellular Players: Basophils)

1. terminally differentiated
2. what percent of circulating WBCs
3. granules contain what?
4. similar to what?

Answer 4

2. <1%
3. histamine
4. mast cells

Question 5

(Cellular Players: Mast Cells)

1. important in what?
2. Cytoplasmic granules contain what?
3. Do their numbers increase significantly in inflammatory reactions?

Answer 5

1. hypersensitivity reactions
2. histamine, heparin (enzymes, chemotactic factors)
3. not usually

Question 6

(Cellular players: MAst Cells)

(Inflammatory mediator synthesis)

1-3. What three things?

4. life span?
5. does degranulation = cell death?
6. where do they proliferate?

Answer 6

1. leukotriens
2. prostaglandins
3. cytokines (stem cell factors)
4. months
5. no
6. in tissue

Question 7

(Mast Cell Functions)

(Acute Inflammation)

1. what do they release that affects early vascular events?
2. Late vascular events?

(Allergic and anaphylactic reactions)

3. receptors fow what?

(4-5. What other two functions?)

Answer 7

1. histamine
2. chemical mediators (Leukotrines and prostagladnins - vasodilation, perm, pain)
3. IgE (crosslinking)
4. defense against parasites
5. extracellular matrix remodeling

Question 8

(Basophils vs. mast cells)

1. lack what?
2. release mainly what two things?
3. Seem to have a major role in what?

Answer 8

1. heparin
2. IL-4 and IL-13
3. entering sites of inflammation and regulating inflammating

Question 9

(Cellular Playes: Neutrophils)

1. AKA PMNs, segmenters - one of three polymorphonuclear cell types
2. terminally differentiated cells
3. usually first recruited to site of insult
4. life in blood?
5. in tissues?
6. at inflammatory sites?

Answer 9

4. 4-6 hr
5. 1-2 days
6. shorter

Question 10

(Cellular Players: Neutrophils)

1. primarily circulating WBC in what species?
2. What percentage in ruminants?
3. central vs storage (marginal) pools?
4. what are the “professional phagocytes”

Answer 10

1. dog, cat, +- horse
2. 20-30%
3. half and half
4. neutrophils and macrophages

Question 11

Question 12

(Bactericidal Proteins)

1. eg defensin and BPI
2. produced by what?
3. Form what in microbial membranes?
4. have also important role as chemotactic agents and in what?

Answer 12

2. neutrophils (and other inflammatory cells) and epithelial cells of skin and mucous membranes
3. pores
4. would healing

Question 13

(Neutrophils)

(tissue damage by ROS)

1. endothelial cell activation and damage
2. inactivation of what?
3. injury to what?
4. increased or decreased cytokine expression?

Answer 13

2. anti-proteases
3. tissue cells
4. increased

Question 14

(Neutrophilia in CBC)

1. caused by acute or chronic inflammation?
2. What can induce?
3. hemorrhage or hemolysis

Answer 14

1. both
2. physiologic (epinephrine), corticosteroid or stress induced

Question 15

(Inflammatory Neutrophilia in CBC)

(Left Shift)

1. increased what?
2. Degenerative left shift = ?

Answer 15

1. bands and metamylelocytes)
2. immature > mature

Question 16

(Neutrophils)

1. most abundant granulocyte in circulation
2. short life span
3. first major defense against what?
4. participate in acute and chronic inflammation rxns
5. inflammatory leukogram with show what?

Answer 16

3. bacterial infection
4. neutrophilia with left shift

Question 17

(Cellular Players - Eosinophils)

1. terminally differentiated
2. what percentage of circulating WBCs?
3. circulating half life time?
4. survive how long in tissues?
5. Live in mucosa of GI, respiratory, reproductive tissues, and skin

Answer 17

2. 2-5%
3. 30 minutes
4. 3-4 days

Question 18

(Eosinophils)

1. Contain major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase (–> respiratory burst), eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil neurotoxin
2. All of these substances are highly aggressive to what and when released to what?
3. Also produce a wide variety of what?

Answer 18

2. highly aggressive to lipid membranes and when released to tissue (collgen)
3. cytokines

Question 19

(Eosinophils)

(Functions)

1. motility - means they can do what?
2. kill what? (mainly what?)

(Participate in allergic/hypersensitivity reactions)

3. attracted by what?
4. in the wake of what cell driven immune responses?

Answer 19

1. move to site of infection
2. parasites (mainly helminths)
3. mast cells (histamine), IL-5, C5a, etc
4. Th2 cell driven immune responses

Question 20

(Eosinophils in CBC)

(Eosiophilia - is an increase)

(Eosinopenia)

1. induced by what?
2. cause what?
3. What would occur to the following things in a stress leukogram?

Neutrophils, Monocytes, eosionphils, ly

Answer 20

1. glucocorticoid/stress
2. inhibit of release from bone marrow and sequestration in tissues
3. up, up, down, down