06 - Coccidia

Question 1

Question 2

(Apicomplexa)

1. parasitic?
2. Do they have locomotory organelles?
3. apical complex - observed in what?

Answer 2

1. yes - they all are
2. no (except for flagellated microgametes - similar in function as sperm)
3. “zoites”

Question 3

(Stages)

(-zoite)

1. shaped like what?
2. occurs in what forms?
3. typically what?

(-ont)

4. many forms… what two?
5. motile?

(gametocytes)

6. structures with products (-gametes) of what?

Answer 3

1. banana
2. merozoite, sporozoite, tachyzoite, badyzoite
3. motile, active form
4. meront, schizont
5. usually non
6. gamete formation (gametogony)

Question 4

(Family: Eimeriidae - coccidia)

1. they are monoxenous… what does this mean?
2. What are the two major genera?
3. Life cycle has three stages… what are they?

Answer 4

1. have one host
2. Eimeria and Isospora
3. schizogony (merogony)

gametogony

sporogony

Question 5

(Family: Eimeriidae - coccidia)

1. What kind of reprduction within the host?

(mutliple fission - schizogony or merogony)

2. repeated nuclear division before what?
3. dividing cell called a what?
4. subunits are called what?

(Gametogany and Syngamy)

5. formation and fusion of male and female gameters to form a what?

Answer 5

1. asexual and sexual reproduction
2. cytokinesis
3. schizont (or meront)
4. merozoites
5. zygote (–> oocyst)

Question 6

(Family: Eimeriidae - coccidia)

(Sporogony - Oocyst)

1. product of what?
2. transmissible?
3. sporulates (sporogony) outside host to do what?

(eimeria)

4. what is this?

(Isospora)

5. what is this?

Answer 6

1. sexual reproduction (gametogony)
2. transmissible form between hosts
3. to become infective
4. 4 sporocysts each with 2 sporozoites
5. 2 sporocysts each with 4 sporozoites

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

(Family: Eimeriidae - coccidia)

(Eimeria)

1. tend to be very host specific
2. for what?

(Isospora (Cystoisospora))

1. host specificity?
2. for what?

Answer 8

2. herbivores
3. less
4. carnivores (exception = swine)

Question 9

(Coccidia Life Cycle)

1. ingestion of what?
2. what are released?
3. enter what?

Answer 9

1. an infective (sporulated) oocyst
2. sporozoites
3. and epithelial cell

Question 10

(Coccidia - typical life cycle - cont)

1. BEcomes a what?
2. what generation?
3. what develops?
   (then. ..)
4. schizont bursts and what are released?
5. what happens to first generation merozoites?

Answer 10

1. schizont (schizogeny)
2. first
3. merozoites
4. merozoites
5. enter another eipithelial cell

Question 11

(Coccidia - typical life cycle - cont)

1. usually how many generations of schizon’ts/merozoites?

Answer 11

1. 2-3

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

(Coccidia - Typical Life Cycle)

1. The 2nd or 3rd generation merozoite enters what?
2. Develops into what?
3. what forms… that develops into an oocyst?

Answer 13

1. another epithelial cell
2. a micro- or macrogametocyte (male and female gamonts)

Gametogony

microgametes (escape from microgametocyte, fertilize the macrogametocyte)

3. a zygote

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

(Coccidia - Typical Life Cycle)

1. Oocyst ruptures cells and does what?
2. oocyst undergoes what outside the host?

(sporulation)

1. 4 - 2’s = ?
2. 2 - 4’s = ?
3. After sporulation the oocyst is infective?

Answer 15

1. passes out in feces
2. sporogony
3. Eimeria
4. Isospora
5. infective

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Question 18

(Coccidia)

1. What is coccidiasis?
2. coccidiosis?

Answer 18

1. presence of coccidian parasites
2. presence of coccidian parasites and the resulting clinical signs

Question 19

Answer 19

(Epidemiology)

(Dispersion)

humans, wind, birds etc.

Question 20

Question 21

(Coccidia of Domestic Poultry)

1. All belong to what genus?

Answer 21

1. Eimeria

Question 22

(life Cycle of Eimeria Tenella)

1. oocyst passed in feces
2. With adequate moisture and temperature: get what?
3. Oocyst may remain inactive for how long?
4. Infection is by what?

Answer 22

2. oocyst sporogony –> 24-48 hours
3. 2-3 months
4. ingestion of oocyst

Question 23

(Life Cycle of Eimeria Tenella cont)

1. After ingestion, sporozoites are released and do what?
2. become what?
3. F1 merozoites invade another cell and form what?

Answer 23

1. penetrate cecal epithelial cells
2. schizonts (schizogony –> 900 merozoites in 3 days)
3. F2 schizonts (–> 200-350 merzoites by 5 days)

Question 24

(Life Cycle of Eimeria Tenella)

1. Many F2 merozoites enter a new host cell and begin what?
2. most become what?
3. Some bcome what?

Answer 24

1. the sexual phase (gametogony)

(others may go thorugh another schizogony)

2. macrogametocytes
3. microgametocytes (which develop numerous microgametes)

Question 25

(Lfe Cycle of Eimeria Tenella cont) (microgametes) 1. flagellated... do what? (Zygote) 2. does what? 3. Oocysts enter cecal lumen and do what? (prepatent period (PPP) ~7d) 4. interval between what?

Answer 25

1. fertilize the macrogamete 2. lays down a thick wall and breaks out of host cell 3. pass out with feces/diarrhea 4. ingestion and first appearaonce of oocysts in feces

Question 26

(Life Cycle of Eimeria Tenella) 1. a single oocyst has the potential to produce how many F2 schizonts? 2. Most bcome macrogametes --\> ?

Answer 26

1. 2,520,000 2. oocysts

Question 27

(Eimeria Tenella) 1. Most pathogenic of what? 2. Estimated losses are over 40 mil ww - plus anti-coccidial compounds 3. found most often in birds of what age?

Answer 27

1. chicken coccidia 3. 4 weeks of ages (cecal coccidosis)

Question 28

(eimeria tenella) (pathogenesis) 1. may vary in severity from inapparent to acute (fatal, depends on what? 2. Also impacted by breed, age, nutritional status and stress factors

Answer 28

1. size of infecting dose

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

(eimeria tenella) (pathogenesis/clinical signs) 1. loss of blood may lead to what? 2. recovery is slow (if they do) 3. older birds can do what?

Answer 30

1. anemia 3. dvelop immunity

Question 31

(Eimeria Necatrix) (life cycle) 1. common worldwide 2. 1st and 2nd generation schizonts are wher? 3. 3rd gen schizonts and gametogony occur where?

Answer 31

2. small intestine 3. ceca

Question 32

(Eimeria Necatrix) (pathogogenesis) 1. what gen is most pathogenic? 2. thought to cause more chronic disease due to what? 3. pathology primarily where? 4. lesions are what in appearance? 5. death occurs 5-7 days pi

Answer 32

1. 2nd 2. extensive scarring of the si 3. middle third of the si 4. small and white

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Question 35

Question 36

(Eimeria Adenoides) 1. common, found worldwide 2. PPP = ? 3. parent period = ? 4. Most of the life cycle takes place where?

Answer 36

2. 4-6 days 3. 7-20 days 4. the lower 1/3 of the si, ceca, and rectum

Question 37

(Eimeria adenoides) (pathogenesis)