1-50 Flashcards by Muhammad Adam Pribadi

a strong mitogen??

For questions 1 to 5, match the substances with the description.
A. bone growth factors
B. recombinant human bone morphogenic proteins
C. both
D. neitherFor questions 1 to 5, match the substances with the description.
A. bone growth factors
B. recombinant human bone morphogenic proteins
C. both
D. neither

A. bone growth factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a potent inducer of bone cell differentiation

For questions 1 to 5, match the substances with the description.
A. bone growth factors
B. recombinant human bone morphogenic proteins
C. both
D. neither

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

act on differentiated mesenchymal cells of the chondro-osseous lineage

For questions 1 to 5, match the substances with the description.
A. bone growth factors
B. recombinant human bone morphogenic proteins
C. both
D. neither +

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

act on undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

For questions 1 to 5, match the substances with the description.
A. bone growth factors
B. recombinant human bone morphogenic proteins
C. both
D. neither

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

polypeptides

For questions 1 to 5, match the substances with the description.
A. bone growth factors
B. recombinant human bone morphogenic proteins
C. both
D. neither

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is the correct representation of the subunits of the
acetylcholine (ACh) receptor at the neuromuscular junction?
A. alfa, beta, gamma, delta
B. alfa2, beta, gama, delta
c. alfa, beta2, gamma, delta
D. alfa, beta, gamma2, delta
E. alfa, beta, gamma, delta2

B. alfa2, beta, gama, delta

Hall p.93

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is true of the a subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?
A. It contains four hydrophobic transmembrane portions.
B. The binding site is not located on the a subunit.
C. The cytoplasmic loop is the most highly conserved portion of the subunit.
D. The N-terminal is extracellula~a, nd the C-terminal is intracellular.
E. The transmembrane portion is the least conserved segment.

Hall pp. 92-95. The binding site is located on the cc subunit, the transmembrane
segment is the most highly conserved, and the cytoplasmic loop connecting
M3 and M4 is the least highly conserved. Both the N- and the C-terminals are
extracellular. Response A is correct.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The number of binding sites on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

B. 2

Hall p. 95.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

binds y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

For questions 9 and 10, match the description with the receptor.
A. a subunit of GABAA receptor
B. p subunit of GABAA receptor
C. both
D. neither

C. both

For questions 9-10 see Hall p. 97.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

binds benzodiazepines

For questions 9 and 10, match the description with the receptor.
A. a subunit of GABAA receptor
B. p subunit of GABAA receptor
C. both
D. neither

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most closely linked with synaptic plasticity and cell death

For questions 11 to 16, match the receptor with the description. Each response may
be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. GABA receptor
B. glutamate receptor
C. glycine receptor
D. nicotinic ACh receptor
E. serotonin (5-HT) receptor

For questions 11-16 see Hall pp. 97-99. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
receptor is voltage regulated in that the open channel is occluded at normal
resting potential by Mg2+.D epolarization drives ~ g *o+ut of the cell, allowing
other ions to pass.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GABA and this receptor are permeable to chloride ions.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

binds strychnine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

binds benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

One type of this receptor is both ligand and voltage regulated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

One type of this receptor is blocked by magnesium ions

B. glutamate receptor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

significantly permeable to calcium ions

For questions 17 to 21, match the description with the receptor.
A. kaimc receptor only
B. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor only
C. quisqualate/alpha-amino-3-h~(droxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprioanciidc
(AMPA) receptor only
D. Aand B
E. A, B, and C

For questions 17-21 see Hall p. 99.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

permeable to monovalent cations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ligand-gated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

voltage-gated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

blocked by magnesium ions

Study These Flashcards

B. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor only

Which of the following is true of acetylcholine (ACh) release from the
neuromuscular junction?
A. One molecule of ACh equals 10,000 quanta.
B. One quanta contains 10.000 molecules of ACh.
C. One quanta equals 1 molecule of ACh.
D. One vesicle contains 10,000 quanta.
E. One vesicle contains 10 molecules.

Study These Flashcards

Hall p. 159.

Pro-opiomelanocortin is a precursor of
i. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ii. alpa -melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
iii. beta-endorphin
iV. beta-lipotropin

A. I, 11, 111
B. I, 111
C. 11. IV
D. IV
E. all of the above

Study These Flashcards

E. all above

Hall p. 138. Pro-opiomelanocortin gives rise to adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH) and p-lipotropin. ACTH then gives rise to a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(a-MSH) and corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP), and plipotropin
gives rise to y-lipotropin and p-endorphin.

Removal of cakium ions from the cytosol in a presynaptic nerve terminal
following an action potential is thought to occur by
i. active transport
ii. binding to cytosolic proteins
iii. transport into intracellular calcium-storage vesicles
iv. reversal of flow through voltage-gated calcium channels

A. I, 11, 111
B. I, 111
C. 11, IV
D. IV
E. all of the above

Study These Flashcards

i. active transport
ii. binding to cytosolic proteins
iii. transport into intracellular calcium-storage vesicles

Hall p. 164. Reversal of flow through voltage-gated channels is not a mechanism
of removal of Ca2+from the cytosol.

25. Each of the following occurs in phototransduction except A. Activated rhodopsin activates a G protein. B. Activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase increases hydrolysis of cGMP to 5'-GMP. C. Current through a cGMP-activated sodium channel decreases. D. Rhodopsin is activated when light converts bound 11-cis retinal to all-trans retinal. E. The decreased concentration of cGMP results in depolarization of the plasma membrane

E. The decreased concentration of cGMP results in depolarization of the plasma membrane Hall p. 195. The decreased concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) results in decreased current through the Na+ channel and consequent hyperpolarization.

26. Each of the following is true of G proteins except A. Each G protein is regulated by only one type of receptor. B. Each G protein may regulate multiple effectors. C. The alpa subunit binds guanosine triphosphate (GTP). D. The beta and gamma subunits help anchor the a subunit to the plasma membrane. E. The beta and gamma subunits modulate guanosine diphosphate (GDP)/GTP exchange.

A Hall pp. 186,201. Each G protein may be regulated by separate receptors.

27. D₁ receptors act by this second messenger. For questions 27 to 33, match the second messenger with the description. Each response may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. calcium B. 1.2-diacylglycerol (DAG) C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) D. cGMP E. I P ₃

C For questions 27-33 see Hall pp. 214,219,225,235,239.

28. increased by nitric oxide For questions 27 to 33, match the second messenger with the description. Each response may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. calcium B. 1.2-diacylglycerol (DAG) C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) D. cGMP E. I P₃

29. hydrolyzed by phospholipase C For questions 27 to 33, match the second messenger with the description. Each response may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. calcium B. 1.2-diacylglycerol (DAG) C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) D. cGMP E. I P3

30. synergistically activates protein kinase C with calcium For questions 27 to 33, match the second messenger with the description. Each response may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. calcium B. 1.2-diacylglycerol (DAG) C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) D. cGMP E. I P3

B. 1.2-diacylglycerol (DAG)

31. binds to calmodulin For questions 27 to 33, match the second messenger with the description. Each response may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. calcium B. 1.2-diacylglycerol (DAG) C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) D. cGMP E. I P3

32. Photoreception utilizes this second messenger For questions 27 to 33, match the second messenger with the description. Each response may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. calcium B. 1.2-diacylglycerol (DAG) C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) D. cGMP E. I P3

33. opens a calcium channel in the endoplasmic reticulum, releasing free calcium into the cytosol For questions 27 to 33, match the second messenger with the description. Each response may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. calcium B. 1.2-diacylglycerol (DAG) C. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) D. cGMP E. I P3

34. Each of the following is true of the Na+/K+ pump except that it A. contributes to the resting potential of the cell B. hyperpolarizes the membrane C. is electrogenic D. transports 3 Na+ ions out for 2 K+ ions in E. utilizes 2 molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for every 3 Na+ ions transported

E Hall p. 46. The Na+/K+ pump uses one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for every three Na+ ions transported.

35. Each of the following is true of events occurring during the action potential except A. A sudden increase in conductance of Na results in depolarization. B. Chloride permeability increases during depolarization. C. During hyperpolarization, the conductance of Na is lower than normal, and the conductance of K is higher than normal. D. The decrease in Na permeability, occurring as the action potential reaches a peak, results from inactivation of Na channels. E. The presence of voltage-dependent K channels is to allow faster repolarization

B Hall pp. 49-51. Chloride permeability does not change during the action potential.

36. The velocity of an action potential increases with a A. high transmembrane resistance, low internal resistance, and high membrane capacitance B. high transmembrane resistance, low internal resistance, and low membrane capacitance C. low transmembrane resistance, high internal resistance, and high membrane capacitance D. low transmembrane resistance, low internal resistance, and high membrane capacitance E. low transmembrane resistance, low internal resistance, and low membrane capacitance

B Hall p. 67.

37. Which of the following is true of myelination? A. It has no effect on transmembrane resistance but increases membrane capacitance. B. It decreases both transmembrane resistance and membrane capacitance. C. It decreases transmembrane resistance and increases membrane capacitance. D. It increases transmembrane resistance and decreases membrane capacitance. E. It increases both transmembrane resistance and membrane capacitance.

D. It increases transmembrane resistance and decreases membrane capacitance. Hall p. 67.

38. usually depolarizes muscle cells past threshold For questions 38 to 40. match the description with the potential. A. end-plate potential B. miniature md-plate potential C. both D. neither

A For questions 38-40 see Hall pp. 70-74. Miniature end-plate potentials result

39. occurs in unstimulated cells For questions 38 to 40. match the description with the potential. A. end-plate potential B. miniature md-plate potential C. both D. neither

B. miniature md-plate potential from random release of quanta of acetylcholine but do not produce an action

40. produces a miniature action potential For questions 38 to 40. match the description with the potential. A. end-plate potential B. miniature md-plate potential C. both D. neither

D. neither

41. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are produced when a transmitter opens channels permeable to A. Cl- only B. Cl- or K+ C. Na+only ' D. Na+or Cl- E. Na+or K+

B Hall p. 79.

42. Which of the following is true of axonal transport? A. Dynamin does not use ATP. B. Dynein is the motor for anterograde fast axonal transport. C. Fast axonal transport occurs primarily along neurofilaments. D. Kinesin is the motor for retrograde fast axonal transport. E. Slow axonal transport occurs at 200 to 400 mmlday

A Hall pp. 258-259. Dynamin uses GTP as an energy source. Dynein is the motor protein for retrograde fast axonal transport. Slow axonal transport occurs at several millimeters per day; fast axonal transport occurs at 200 to 400 mm/day and utilizes microtubules.

43. Discharge increases with passive stretch. For questions 43 to 52, match the description with the structure. A. Golgi's tendon organ B. muscle spindle C. both D. neither

C For questions 43-52 see K&S pp. 718-724.

44. Discharge increases with active contraction For questions 43 to 52, match the description with the structure. A. Golgi's tendon organ B. muscle spindle C. both D. neither

45. in series with extrafusal fibers For questions 43 to 52, match the description with the structure. A. Golgi's tendon organ B. muscle spindle C. both D. neither

46. in parallel with extrafusal fibers For questions 43 to 52, match the description with the structure. A. Golgi's tendon organ B. muscle spindle C. both D. neither

47. sensitive to muscle tension For questions 43 to 52, match the description with the structure. A. Golgi's tendon organ B. muscle spindle C. both D. neither

48. sensitive to muscle length and velocity of length change For questions 43 to 52, match the description with the structure. A. Golgi's tendon organ B. muscle spindle C. both D. neither

B. muscle spindle

49. innervated by group I (large myelinated) fibers For questions 43 to 52, match the description with the structure. A. Golgi's tendon organ B. muscle spindle C. both D. neither

C. both

50. innervated by group 11 (small myelinated) fibers For questions 43 to 52, match the description with the structure. A. Golgi's tendon organ B. muscle spindle C. both D. neither

B. muscle spindle

1-50 Flashcards

(50 cards)