Acute intoxication
Pattern of reversible physical and mental abnormalities caused by direct effects of the substance (specific and characteristic of each substance)
At-risk use
A pattern of substance use where the person is at ^ risk of harming their physical or mental health
Harmful use
The continuation of substance use despite evidence of damage to the user’s physical or mental health (or to their social, occupational + familial well-being)
However there is no dependence
dependence
Prolonged, compulsive substance use leading to addiction, tolerance and the potential for withdrawal Sx’s
features of dependence syndrome
- Primacy of drug seeking behaviour: the drug and the need to obtain it becomes the most important thing in that person’s life
- Narrowing of the drug-taking repertoire: user moves from range of drugs to a single drug in preference to the others
- Increased tolerance to the effects of the drug
- Loss of control of consumption
- Signs of withdrawal on attempted abstinence
- Drug taking to avoid development of withdrawal symptoms
- Continued drug use despite negative consequences
- Rapid reinstatement of previous pattern of drug use after abstinence
(Drug Problems Will Continue To Harm): desire, preoccupation, withdrawal, impaired ability to control use, tolerance, harmful effects but still persistent use
withdrawal
When there is physical dependence on a drug, abstinence leads to features of withdrawal (characteristic for each drug)
Complicated withdrawal
Development of seizures, delirium or psychotic features
Substance-induced psychotic disorder
Illness characterised by hallucinations a/o delusions occurring as a direct result of substance induced neurotoxicity
