112 USMC Operations

Question 1

What is Operational Maneuver From The Sea (OMFTS)?

(in general/summary)

Answer 1

Operational Maneuver From The Sea (OMFTS): Skillfully handled naval forces that enable the U.S. to exert its influence in littoral regions worldwide.

-Vision for the future of USMC = OMFTS

Question 2

Discuss the principles of the Operational Maneuver from the Sea (OMFTS) Doctrine.

Answer 2

The Principles of the Operational Maneuver from the Sea (OMFTS) Doctrine:

• Focuses on an operational objective
• Uses the sea as maneuvering space
• Generates overwhelming tempo and momentum
• Pits strength against weakness
• Emphasizes intelligence, deceptions, and flexibility
• Integrates all organic, joint, and combined assets

Great example of OMFTS – the capture of Seoul in 1950.

-Completely focused operation, unified under a single commander that flowed coherently from San Diego, Sasebo, and Pusan, through an amphibious power projection at Inchon, to key objectives well inland.

crushingly successful - led to destruction of NK Army nd the liberation of SK

Question 3

Ship-to-Objective Maneuver (STOM) concept

Answer 3

Ship-to-Objective Maneuver (STOM) concept

• STOM is the tactical implementation of OMFTS by the MAGTF to achieve the JFC’s (Joint Force Commander) operational objectives and is the application of expeditionary maneuver warfare to amphibious operations at the tactical level.
• STOM thrusts MARFOR ashore at multiple points to concentrate at the decisive place and time in sufficient strength to enable success. The objective is to create multiple dilemmas too numerous for the adversary commander to respond to, thereby disrupting his cohesiveness and diminishing the adversary’s will or capacity to rest.
• STOM treats the sea as maneuver space using the sea as both protective barrier and unsrestricted avenue of approach*

Question 4

Foreign Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Relief (FHA/DR) operations

Answer 4

Foreign Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Relief (FHA/DR) operations

• Purpose of military forces conducting HA operations is to provide a secure environment to allow humanitarian relief efforts to progress.
• Lots of different taskings – situation dependent
• Reactive programs = disaster relief
• Proactive programs = humanitarian and civic assistance (HCA) or civil support

Question 5

Humanitarian and Civic Assistance (HCA)

Answer 5

Humanitarian and Civic Assistance (HCA)

Medical, Dental, and Veterinary care and some local infrastructure construction and repair. Food, water, shelter, transportation, and engineer support to the resident population. Proactive – just to help people/countries who need it – usually isolated communities

-The U.S. is uniquely qualified to execute HA-type missions because we have the structure, educated and trained personnel, essential equipment, rapid worldwide deployability, and ability to operate in austere environments.

-Must be carried out in conjunction with host nation military and/or civilian personnel

-Shall complement and not duplicate any other form of social or economic assistance

-Not provided to a military – only to civilians

-Only done with approval from Department of State (DOS)

- HCA is a component of the Nation Assistance Program

governed by Title 10

Question 6

Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)

Answer 6

Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)

• Wide range of operations occurring in both domestic and foreign environments and include combat and non-combat operations.
• Noncombatant evacuation operations (NEO)
• Strikes and raids
• Arms control / peacekeeping, peace enforcement
• Nation assistance
• Protection of shipping
• Humanitarian assistance

Question 7

Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT)

Answer 7

Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT)

• All military actions conducted on a topographical and its adjacent terrain where manmade construction is the dominant feature. It includes combat in cities, which is the portion of MOUT involving house-to-house and street-by-street fighting in towns and cities.
• Fighting in cities is historical – seats of government, centers for industry, information networks, and key nodes of communication within a nation.
• Many avenues of approach. 4 levels – building, street, subterranean, and air operations.

Question 8

Rules of Engagement

Answer 8

Rules of Engagement

Basically restricting the use of weapons and combat engagement for the safety of local population.

Minimizing civilian casualties and/or collateral destruction in order to:

• Avoid alienation of the local population
• Reduce the risk of adverse world or domestic opinion
• Preserve cultural facilities and grounds
• Limit the use of specific ground or air weapons

Question 9

Discuss the types of operations that represent

Irregular Warfare

Answer 9

Irregular Warfare

Counter Terrorism

-Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, pre-empt, and respond to terrorism

Foreign Internal Defense

-Involves participation by civilian and military agencies to free and protect its society from subversion (undermining of power), lawlessness, and insurgency

Counterinsurgency Operations (COIN)

-Military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken by a government to defeat an insurgency

Stability Operations

-Encompass various military missions, tasks, and activities to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and/or provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief

Question 10

Unit Deployment Program (UDP)

Answer 10

Unit Deployment Program (UDP)

-Provide deployment of units for periods of approximately 6 months to Western Pacific (WESTPAC) to reduce the number of unaccompanied tours and improve unit continuity

Question 11

Expeditionary Advance Base Ops (EABO)

Answer 11

Expeditionary Advance Base Ops (EABO)

• Distribute capabilities by providing land-based options (i.e., Marine Corps) for increasing the number of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)/shooters beyond the quantity of seagoing platformed (i.e., U.S. and allied naval ships) available.
• EABO concept espouses employing mobile, relatively low-cost capabilities in austere, temporary locations forward as integral elements of FMF to control key maritime terrain to improve the security of sea lines of communication (SLOC) and (at?) chokepoints, or sea denial, and exploit and enhance the natural barriers formed by island chains.

Question 12

Littoral Ops in Contested Environment (LOCE)

Answer 12

Littoral Ops in Contested Environment (LOCE)

Describes naval operations in the littoral environment providing a unified Navy-Marines Corps framework, with renewed emphasis on fighting for and gaining sea control, to include employing sea-based and land-based Marine Corps capabilities in support of the sea control fight.

Question 13

Distributed Maritime Ops (DMO)

Answer 13

Distributed Maritime Ops (DMO)

-Is a combination of distributed forces, integration of effects, and maneuver… enhance battle space awareness and influence; it will generate opportunities for naval forces to achieve surprise, to neutralize threats, and to overwhelm the adversary. It will impose operational dilemmas on the adversary.

Question 14

Marine Littoral Regiment (MLR)

Answer 14

Marine Littoral Regiment (MLR)

• A transition from Marine Infantry Regiment, to conduct sea denial operations, survive in a contested maritime environment, and serve as a larger naval expeditionary force.
• A self-supporting unit consisting of:
• Combat team
• Anti-air battalion
• Logistics battalion
• Organized around an infantry battalion and long-range anti-ship battery.