11.9 - Flight Controls Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

How is the runaway from the horizontal stabiliser prevented

A

No back brake

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2
Q

How is the brake overcome during a flap retraction on a flap system gearbox with no back brake

A

The friction is overcome by retraction power and slips as the flaps retract

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3
Q

How is the torque limiter reset after it has been actioned

A

It resets automatically when the over torque is removed

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4
Q

What is the function of a differential aileron system

A

To counter the negative turning moment

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5
Q

What is turn coordination

A

The rudder moves along with the ailerons to achieve a turn

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6
Q

Why are the control surfaces (ailerons, elevators and rudder) on some aircraft equips with balance weights?

A

To prevent fluttering and vibration of the control surfaces

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7
Q

What can spoilers not be used for?

A

To assist the flap system

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8
Q

What happens if the aircraft nose is going down and the left wing is going down?

A

Aircraft is pitching and rolling

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9
Q

Why are horizontal stabilisers moveable on large aircraft ?

A

To compensate for a possible imbalance along the longitudinal axis during flight

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10
Q

What is an elevon?

A

Combined elevator and aileron used on delta wing aircraft

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11
Q

Which statement describes the characteristics of a fowler flap?

A

Wing Camber and wing area are increased when the flaps are extended

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12
Q

Which way do the ailerons have to deflect to turn the aircraft to the left

A

Left aileron must go up and right aileron must go down

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13
Q

How must flight control trim systems be designed?

A

So that the pilot can see from the cockpit which position the corresponding surface is in

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14
Q

What happens if the flaps were extended on the right side only?

A

Extension would be stopped automatically

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15
Q

Which axis does an aircraft roll around?

A

Longitudinal axis

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16
Q

Given that two hydraulic motors are used via a differential to drive a single output, what would happen if one of the motors fails during operation?

A

The fails motor is held by pressure off brake and the other motor drives the output at half speed

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17
Q

Why is the stabiliser used for pitch trim and not elevators?

A

Because the imbalance along the longitudinal axis would be very large requiring excessive drag and large deflection of the elevators

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18
Q

What does fly by wire mean?

A

Flight control inputs are transmitted via electrical cables and a servo valve regulates the hyd pressure at the actuator

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19
Q

How are the leading edge devices and flaps extended and retracted ?

A

Using a flap lever

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20
Q

The rudder position is indicated where?

A

On the Engine Indicating Crew Alert System (EICAS) (Boeing??) display

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21
Q

The rod system is operated automatically by the movement of what?

22
Q

What effect will applying a rearward force to the control column have?

A

Elevators will deflect upwards causing the aircraft nose to rise

23
Q

What is the purpose of the pedals?

A

They control the rudder, wheel brakes and nose wheel steering

24
Q

How do the leading edge devices intersect with the flaps?

A

They extend and retract with the flaps

25
With a side stick controller how can the other side stick be inhibited?
By pressing the take over touch button on the side of the side stick
26
What happens to the control wheel if the aileron trim is moved to the right?
It moves to the right
27
Why do some aircraft have inboard and outboard ailerons?
Movement of the outer ailerons during high speed flight could lead to an excessive roll rate ##Footnote So outboard ailerons are locked out and inboard only are used
28
True or false, gust load alleviation are only on fly by wire aircraft?
True
29
What degrees are flaps set to for take off?
Between 5-15 degrees
30
What degrees are flaps set to for landing?
Fully extended - between 25-40 degrees
31
What are ground spoilers used for?
Dump lift during landing and rejected take off
32
What are flight/roll spoilers used for?
Assist ailerons in roll control ##Footnote Secondary flight control
33
What are speed breaks used for?
Reduce speed / increase the rate of descent
34
In a power assisted system classed as reversible?
Yes - as the aerodynamic loads provide feedback to the flight crew
35
Whats a PCU’s two critical functions?
Position the flight control surface in response to mechanical or electrical commands. Represent a principle structural element capable of withstanding flight loads and providing protection against flutter ##Footnote Not reversible - Artificial feel systems required
36
What are the main parts of a servo control unit?
A power section - changes hyd pressure into mech force A distribution system
37
What are servo control modes 2 main operating modes?
Control/active mode Damping mode - depressurised, bypass valve is spring loaded to the bypass position. Used as a gust damper
38
Are pneumatic flight control systems commonly used?
No - they’re very rare Used as a back up to essential services such as emergency landing gear lowering or brake operation. Also the 747 flap system
39
What is a Electrical Power Control Unit?
Operates similarly to a hydraulic PCU. Except the servo valve is electronically controlled not mechanically. The valve can be positioned in three modes; Normal, Bypass and Blocked/Damped
40
How is positional feedback given to the flight crew on an electrical PCU?
Linear Variable Differential Diffuser (LVDT)
41
In direct law, is the aircraft still fly by wire?
Yes - but all protections are lost
42
What is the order of laws once the aircraft exits normal law due to degradation?
Alternate law 1 Alternate law 2 Direct law - all protections lost Mechanical control back up - not FBW
43
What are the three modes of normal law?
Ground mode - after take off there is a 5 second transition while flight mode takes over Flight mode - all general protections available Flare mode - when the radar altimeter indicates 100 feet above the ground it engages, and activates at 50 feet, the aircraft trims slightly nose down
44
When you have a purely mechanical system, do we require artificial feel?
No - only when we use other systems where the crew can’t feel the effect of the air load, and get no feedback
45
What is a yaw damper used for?
Used to counter a dutch roll. Occurs due to poor directional stability. Automatic function used in both auto and manual flight. It provides inputs into the rudder.
46
What is Mach Trim?
When MCrit is hit the CP moves aft, causing mach tuck resulting in nose down, to counteract this, mach trim trims the nose up as mach tuck begins to act. Usually by trimming the horizontal stab
47
What is a rudder limiter?
Reduce the rudder deflection in high speeds to reduce structural stress placed on the aircraft
48
For the rebalancing of flight controls using the scale method, is it done on A/C or off?
Off
49
What are two types of stall warnings?
Stick shaker - violent shaking motion to control stick Stick nudger/pusher - applies a nose down input to the elevator to avoid the stall
50
When is Flare mode engaged?
100 feet and active at 50 feet